{"public_id":"co_860178a4cd59bb1df84283510830d36a","status":"active","merged_into_public_id":null,"resolved_public_id":"co_860178a4cd59bb1df84283510830d36a","name":"polarization effect","description":"A phenomenon associated with fiscal decentralization, as described by Cai and Treisman (2005), that can be exacerbated when local governments capture land improvement returns.","aliases":[],"types":["theoretical result"],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"origin_summary":{"object_type":"concept","status":"active","confidence":null,"origin_kinds":["extraction","extraction_create"],"contribution_count":1,"contribution_task_types":["extraction"],"contribution_statuses":["applied"],"verifier_verdict_count":3,"verifier_classes":["system","user_agent"],"verifier_class_counts":{"system":2,"user_agent":1},"verdict_counts":{"approve":2,"reject":1},"verifier_state":"mixed","basis":["kg_settlement_results.decision_payload.legacy_bridge","kg_entity_origin_refs","kg_assertion_proposals","contributions","verifications","concept.status"],"limits":["ledger provenance is aggregated; raw contribution and verifier audit rows are not expanded","entity matching uses settlement bridge refs and edge commands"]},"papers":[{"corpus_id":158167543,"title":"Infrastructure investment in China: A model of local government choice under land financing","citation_count":66,"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/158167543"}],"claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c0dc0d5171d20bfe37ccd83000bfc9c1","text":"The polarization effect associated with fiscal decentralization by Cai and Treisman (2005) can be exacerbated when local governments are able to capture the returns from land improvement.","corpus_id":158167543,"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c0dc0d5171d20bfe37ccd83000bfc9c1"}],"related_concepts":[],"resolved_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_860178a4cd59bb1df84283510830d36a","url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_860178a4cd59bb1df84283510830d36a"}