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Toward a better extraction of titanium dioxide engineered nanomaterials from complex environmental matrices

Frédéric Loosli,Zebang Yi,D. Berti,Mohammed Baalousha

Published 2018 in NanoImpact

ABSTRACT

Abstract Detection, characterization, and quantification of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in aquatic systems is a topic of high interest because ENMs are being released increasingly into the environment. In the natural environment, ENMs form heteroaggregates with natural particles which complicates their characterization and quantification. This study investigates the influence of sodium pyrophosphate (NaPP) and sodium oxalate (NaOx) on TiO2 ENM stability in the presence of montmorillonite, natural organic matter (Suwannee River humic acids, SRHA), and CaCl2 with the aim to propose a fundamental protocol for the extraction of ENMs from natural waters. NaPP, not only prevents aggregation, but also rapidly induces TiO2 ENM disaggregation and release from TiO2-clay heteroaggregates -previously formed in presence of CaCl2 and SRHA- in the form of individual particles, or small aggregates. The recovery of TiO2 ENMs in a montmorillonite dispersion in presence of SRHA and CaCl2 was >90% for the

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