Study of advanced control of ethanol production through continuous fermentation

Abstract This paper investigates the control of an experimentally validated model of production of bioethanol. The analysis of the open loop system revealed that the maximum productivity occurred at a periodic point. A robust control was needed to avoid instabilities that may occur when disturbances are injected into the process that may drive it toward or through the unstable points. A nonlinear model predictive controller (NLMPC) was used to control the process. Simulation tests were carried out using three controlled variables: the ethanol concentration, the productivity and the inverse of the productivity. In the third configuration, the controller was required to seek the maximum operating point through the optimization capability built in the NLMPC algorithm. Simulation tests presented overall satisfactory closed-loop performance for both nominal servo and regulatory control problems as well as in the presence of modeling errors. The third control configuration managed to steer the process toward the existing maximum productivity even when the process operation or its parameters changed. For comparison purposes, a standard PI controller was also designed for the same control objectives. The PI controller yielded satisfactory performance when the ethanol concentration was chosen as the controlled variable. When, on the other hand, the productivity was chosen as the controlled output, the PI controller did not work properly and needed to be adjusted using gain scheduling. In all cases, it was observed that the closed-loop response suffered from slow dynamics, and any attempt to speed up the feedback response via tuning may result in an unstable behavior.

• Publication year

  2017

• Venue

  Journal of King Saud University: Engineering Sciences

• Publication date

  Unknown publication date

• Fields of study

  Engineering

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/J.JKSUES.2015.10.005
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• The PI controller performed satisfactorily when ethanol concentration was the controlled variable, but productivity control required gain scheduling.

  Confidence 0.90

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• Using the inverse of productivity as the controlled variable let the nonlinear model predictive controller drive the process toward the maximum-productivity operating point.

  Confidence 0.93

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• The nonlinear model predictive controller gave satisfactory closed-loop behavior for the nominal servo and regulatory cases tested.

  Confidence 0.92

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• Open-loop analysis showed that maximum productivity occurs at a periodic point in bioethanol production through continuous fermentation.

  Confidence 0.95

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review

• bioethanol production through continuous fermentation

  process

  The continuous fermentation process used to produce bioethanol that serves as the controlled plant in the paper.

  Aliases: bioethanol production, ethanol production through continuous fermentation

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• ethanol concentration

  process variable

  The concentration of ethanol in the process output, treated as one possible controlled variable.

  Aliases: ethanol level

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• gain scheduling

  control strategy

  A tuning strategy that changes controller gains across operating conditions.

  Aliases: scheduled gain tuning

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• inverse of productivity

  control variable

  The reciprocal of productivity, used as the optimization-oriented controlled variable in one control configuration.

  Aliases: 1/productivity, reciprocal of productivity

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• nonlinear model predictive controller

  control method

  A predictive control algorithm based on a nonlinear process model and used to compute future control actions.

  Aliases: NLMPC

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• periodic point

  operating point

  A repeating operating point on the open-loop process trajectory associated with the peak productivity region.

  Aliases: periodic operating point

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• pi controller

  control method

  A proportional-integral feedback controller used as the conventional comparison controller.

  Aliases: proportional-integral controller, PI

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review
• productivity

  process variable

  The ethanol production rate used as a process output and control target in the fermentation system.

  Aliases: production rate

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) reviewAK (4715169a40) review

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