Background: Malaria and leishmaniasis are two most significant parasitic diseases which are endemic in Iran. Over the past decades, interest in botanical repellents has increased as a result of safety to human. The comparative efficacy of essential oils of two native plants, myrtle (Myrtus communis) and marigold (Calendula officinalis) collected from natural habitats at southern Iran was compared with DEET as synthetic repellent against Anopheles stephensi on human subjects under laboratory condition. Methods: Essential oils from two species of native plants were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation. The protection time of DEET, marigold and myrtle was assessed on human subject using screened cage method against An. stephensi. The effective dose of 50% essential oils of two latter species and DEET were determined by modified ASTM method. ED50 and ED90 values and related statistical parameters were calculated by probit analysis. Results: The protection time of 50% essential oils of marigold and myrtle were respectively 2.15 and 4.36 hours compared to 6.23 hours for DEET 25%. The median effective dose (ED50) of 50% essential oils was 0.1105 and 0.6034 mg/cm2 respectively in myrtle and marigold. The figure for DEET was 0.0023 mg/cm2. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the repellency of both botanical repellents was generally lower than DEET as a synthetic repellent. However the 50% essential oil of myrtle showed a moderate repellency effects compared to marigold against An. stephensi.
Repellency Effects of Essential Oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) Compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on Human Volunteers
Maryam Tavassoli,M. Shayeghi,Abai,H. Vatandoost,M. Khoobdel,Mohammad Salari,A. Ghaderi,F. Rafi
Published 2011 in Iranian Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases
ABSTRACT
PUBLICATION RECORD
- Publication year
2011
- Venue
Iranian Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases
- Publication date
2011-12-01
- Fields of study
Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science
- Identifiers
- External record
- Source metadata
Semantic Scholar, PubMed
CITATION MAP
EXTRACTION MAP
CLAIMS
CONCEPTS
- anopheles stephensi
The mosquito species used as the target insect in the repellency tests.
Aliases: An. stephensi
- deet
A synthetic insect repellent used as the comparison standard in the assay.
Aliases: N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide
- marigold essential oil
Essential oil extracted from Calendula officinalis and tested as a botanical repellent in the study.
Aliases: Calendula officinalis oil, marigold oil
- median effective dose
The dose needed to achieve 50% repellent effect, estimated from probit analysis.
Aliases: ED50
- myrtle essential oil
Essential oil extracted from Myrtus communis and tested as a botanical repellent in the study.
Aliases: Myrtus communis oil, myrtle oil
- probit analysis
A statistical method used here to estimate ED50 and ED90 values and related parameters.
- protection time
The duration for which a treated subject remains protected from mosquito bites in the assay.
Aliases: repellency duration
- repellency
The ability of a substance to deter mosquito landing or biting under the test conditions.
Aliases: repellent effect
REFERENCES
Showing 1-56 of 56 references · Page 1 of 1
CITED BY
Showing 1-38 of 38 citing papers · Page 1 of 1