Representation of topography by partial steps using the immersed boundary method in a vector vorticity equation model (VVM)

In this study, representation of surface topography in the vector vorticity equation model (VVM) is updated with a partial step approach using the immersed boundary method. Compared with the full step approach, the partial step approach provides additional topography forcing to represent micro mountains while preserving the same grid structure through interpolating from adjacent grid points. It maintains the characteristics of dynamics and physics of VVM and improves the representation of gentle slope topography without increasing vertical resolution. This approach produces reasonable results on the simulation of classical mountain waves with coarse vertical resolution. Additional experiments are performed to verify our approach including density driven flow using a cold bubble and 3‐D orographic precipitation over a ridge. The results show that vorticity fields in the partial step approach have a smoother response to the gentle slopes due to the improvement in the topography representation.

• Publication year

  2016

• Venue

  Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems

• Publication date

  2016-03-01

• Fields of study

  Physics, Engineering, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1002/2015MS000514
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Introducing Variable-Step Topography (VST) coordinates within dynamically constrained Nonhydrostatic Modeling System (NMS). Part 1: VST formulation within NMS host model framework

  2014cited by this paper
• Introducing variable-step topography (VST) coordinates within dynamically constrained nonhydrostatic modeling system (NMS). Part 2: VST performance on orthodox obstacle flows

  2014cited by this paper
• Application of the immersed boundary method to simulations of flow over steep, mountainous terrain

  2012cited by this paper
• An Immersed Boundary Method Enabling Large-Eddy Simulations of Flow over Complex Terrain in the WRF Model

  2012cited by this paper
• Inclusion of Surface Topography into the Vector Vorticity Equation Model (VVM)

  2011cited by this paper
• An Immersed Boundary Method for the Weather Research and Forecasting Model

  2010cited by this paper
• High-Resolution Numerical Modeling of Thermally Driven Slope Winds in a Valley with Strong Capping

  2010cited by this paper
• A Three-Dimensional Anelastic Model Based on the Vorticity Equation

  2008cited by this paper
• Vertically combined shaved cell method in a z‐coordinate nonhydrostatic atmospheric model

  2008cited by this paper
• An improved direct-forcing immersed-boundary method for finite difference applications

  2007cited by this paper
• Impact of partial steps and momentum advection schemes in a global ocean circulation model at eddy-permitting resolution

  2006cited by this paper
• IMMERSED BOUNDARY METHODS

  2005cited by this paper
• Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations

  2005cited by this paper
• Immersed boundary technique for turbulent flow simulations

  2003cited by this paper
• A ghost-cell immersed boundary method for flow in complex geometry

  2002influential reference
• Nonhydrostatic Atmospheric Modeling using az-Coordinate Representation

  2002cited by this paper
• A new terrain-following vertical coordinate formulation for atmospheric prediction models

  2002cited by this paper
• Combined Immersed-Boundary Finite-Difference Methods for Three-Dimensional Complex Flow Simulations

  2000cited by this paper
• Behavior of flow over step orography

  2000cited by this paper
• A Cartesian Grid Embedded Boundary Method for Poisson's Equation on Irregular Domains

  1998cited by this paper
• Transient Response in a Z-Level Ocean Model That Resolves Topography with Partial Cells

  1998cited by this paper
• Representation of Topography by Shaved Cells in a Height Coordinate Ocean Model

  1997influential reference
• Outflows and deep water production by marginal seas

  1994cited by this paper
• Numerical solutions of a non‐linear density current: A benchmark solution and comparisons

  1993cited by this paper
• A Compressible Model for the Simulation of Moist Mountain Waves

  1983cited by this paper
• The Dependence of Numerically Simulated Convective Storms on Vertical Wind Shear and Buoyancy

  1982cited by this paper

• Identification of New Pollution Hotspots From Satellite‐Based Emission Inventory Under a Local Circulation‐Dominated Environment Over Complex Topography

  2025cites this paper
• Diagnosing Nonlocal Vertical Acceleration in Moist Convection Using a Large‐Eddy Simulation

  2025cites this paper
• Novel perspectives on multiple-peak diurnal convection over a tropical mountainous island from idealized large-eddy simulations

  2024cites this paper
• The future extreme precipitation systems of orographically locked diurnal convection: the benefits of using large-eddy simulation ensembles

  2024cites this paper
• Developing an Explainable Variational Autoencoder (VAE) Framework for Accurate Representation of Local Circulation in Taiwan

  2024cites this paper
• The roles of local circulation and boundary layer 1 development in tracer transport over complex 2 topography in central Taiwan 3

  2022cites this paper
• Idealized cloud-resolving simulations of land-atmosphere coupling over tropical islands

  2021cites this paper
• Tracking the influence of cloud condensation nuclei on summer diurnal precipitating systems over complex topography in Taiwan

  2021cites this paper
• A Framework to Evaluate Convective Aggregation: Examples With Different Microphysics Schemes

  2021cites this paper
• Effects of Microphysical Processes on the Precipitation Spectrum in a Strongly Forced Environment

  2020cites this paper
• Implementation of the Vector Vorticity Dynamical Core on Cubed Sphere for Use in the Quasi‐3‐D Multiscale Modeling Framework

  2019cites this paper
• Learning the Representations of Moist Convection with Convolutional Neural Networks

  2019cites this paper
• Implementation of the Land Surface Processes into a Vector Vorticity Equation Model (VVM) to Study its Impact on Afternoon Thunderstorms over Complex Topography in Taiwan

  2019cites this paper
• The Role of Interactive SST in the Cloud‐Resolving Simulations of Aggregated Convection

  2019cites this paper
• The Precipitation Hotspots of Afternoon Thunderstorms over the Taipei Basin: Idealized Numerical Simulations

  2019cites this paper
• Role of Coastal Convection to Moisture Buildup during the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset

  2019cites this paper
• The environment of aggregated deep convection

  2017cites this paper
• Effects of Microphysical Processes on the Precipitation Spectrum in a Strongly Forced Environment

  year unknowncites this paper