The metabolism of gluconic acid.

In a previous study the appearance of deuterioglucose in the urine of the phlorhizinized rat was shown to follow the injection of meso-inositol which had been tagged with deuterium in the carbon-bound positions (1). This result was taken as proof of the glucogenic nature of inositol in the rat and has led the authors to the investigation of another possible glucose precursor, gluconic acid, by a similar approach. Early studies of the fate of gluconic acid in the intact animal have related chiefly to its oxidation. Thus it has been demonstrated that a large portion of gluconic acid administered is utilized even by the diabetic organism (2-5) and it has been claimed that saccharic acid is one of the oxidation products (3), a claim which has been refuted (6). Several investigators have found that the administration of gluconic acid is followed by the appearance of some unaltered gluconic acid in the urine (5, 6). Apart from the extensive literature relating to 6-phosphogluconic acid, its formation from glucose-6-phosphate, and its further oxidation and decarboxylation, there are numerous reports of enzyme systems derived from various biological sources capable of oxidizing glucose to gluconic acid, without the demonstrated intervention of a phosphorylated intermediate (7-9). Of particular interest to the present discussion is the glucose dehydrogenase of Harrison (10) isolated from mammalian liver, capable of performing the specific oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid in vitro in good yield aerobically in the presence of diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) and methylene blue. The presence of such an enzyme leaves open the possibility that free gluconic acid is formed in the intact liver as a normal oxidative fate of glucose. In the present experiments doubly labeled gluconic acid has been prepared by the mixing of two samples of sodium gluconate, the one labeled with CY4, the other with deuterium. The former was prepared from the starch of bean leaves which had been exposed to CY402, the latter from the.urinary glucose of a diabetic rat receiving DzO. Such doubly labeled material has been injected into normal and phlorhizinized rats and the distribution of isotopes in expired COZ, liver glycogen, urinary gluconate, giucose, and other body constituents has been studied.

• Publication year

  1950

• Venue

  Journal of Biological Chemistry

• Publication date

  1950-11-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Chemistry

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50948-6PMID 14794708
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Formation of pentose phosphate from 6-phosphogluconate.

  1950cited by this paper
• The effect of thyroid activity on certain anabolic processes studied with the aid of deuterium.

  1949cited by this paper
• A study of the chemical origins of glycogen by use of C14-labeled carbon dioxide, acetate, and pyruvate.

  1949cited by this paper
• Distribution of labeled carbon in plant sugars after a short period of photosynthesis in C14O2.

  1949cited by this paper
• Preparation of radioactive carbon-labeled sugars by photosynthesis.

  1948cited by this paper
• Loss of Radioactivity From Barium Carbonate Samples.

  1948cited by this paper
• The action of periodic acid on glucose phenylosazone.

  1947cited by this paper
• Studies in carbohydrate metabolism; the distribution of deuterium in a sample of deuterio glucose excreted by a diabetic rabbit.

  1946cited by this paper
• Biological conversion of inositol into glucose.

  1946cited by this paper
• Oxidation of phosphohexonate and pentose phosphoric acids by yeast enzymes: Oxidation of phosphohexonate. II. Oxidation of pentose phosphoric acids.

  1938cited by this paper
• The product of the oxidation of glucose by glucose dehydrogenase.

  1932cited by this paper
• Glucose dehydrogenase: a new oxidising enzyme from animal tissues.

  1931cited by this paper

• Normosol-R vs Lactated Ringers in the Critically Ill

  2025cites this paper
• The effects of magnitude of calcium decline at the onset of lactation on serotonin dynamics and the serotonin-calcium axis.

  2024cites this paper
• Influence of prepartum dietary cation anion difference and the magnitude of calcium decline at the onset of lactation on mineral metabolism and physiological responses.

  2023influential citation
• When Functionalization Becomes Useful: Ionic Liquids with a “Sweet” Appended Moiety Demonstrate Drastically Reduced Toxicological Effects

  2020cites this paper
• When the functionalisation comes in useful: ionic liquids with a “sweet” appended moiety demonstrate drastically reduced toxicological effects

  2020cites this paper
• Balanced Crystalloid Solutions

  2019cites this paper
• Studies on the influence of dietary 3-deoxyglucosone on the urinary excretion of 2-keto-3-deoxygluconic acid

  2018cites this paper
• Chloride toxicity in critically ill patients: What's the evidence?

  2017cites this paper
• The role of bicarbonate precursors in balanced fluids during haemorrhagic shock with and without compromised liver function.

  2016cites this paper
• Kinetics of the reaction of CIS - and trans-PtCl4(NH3)2 Complexes in Aqueous Solution, in the Presence of Ethanol

  2016cites this paper
• Cardiopulmonary bypass considerations for pediatric patients on the ketogenic diet

  2015cites this paper
• Inferring the metabolism of human orphan metabolites from their metabolic network context affirms human gluconokinase activity.

  2013cites this paper
• Biofuel cells as sustainable power sources for implantable systems

  2013cites this paper
• Distribution of the carbohydrate polymer in 14C-labelled iron-poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex after intramuscular administration in normal and anaemic rats.

  2009cites this paper
• Energy harvesting by implantable abiotically catalyzed glucose fuel cells

  2008cites this paper
• Effects of hypercalcemia on serum concentrations of magnesium, potassium, and phosphate and urinary excretion of electrolytes in horses.

  2007cites this paper
• Alternate pathways of glucose and fructose metabolism.

  2006cites this paper
• Untersuchungen über die Verwertung von D-Gluconat und D-Glucono-δ-lacton im Stoffwechsel der normalen und alloxandiabetischen Ratte

  1979cites this paper
• [Investigations on the utilization of D-gluconate and D-glucono-delta-lactone in the metabolism of the normal and alloxan diabetic rat (author's transl)].

  1979cites this paper
• Gluconic Acid in the Food of Larval Honeybees

  1973cites this paper
• A tissue implantable fuel cell power supply.

  1970cites this paper
• Aldonic and Uronic Acids

  1969cites this paper
• GLUCOSE AND GLUCONATE METABOLISM IN "DRINKER" AND "NONDRINKER" RATS.

  1964cites this paper
• [METABOLIC ORIENTATION OF GLUCOSE IN 4 SPECIES OF HIBERNANTS DURING THE FATTENING PERIOD].

  1964cites this paper
• Studies on glucosaccharolactones. I. Glucosaccharo-1:4-lactone.

  1963cites this paper
• Metabolism of d-glucuronolactone in mammalian systems. Identification of d-glucaric acid as a normal constituent of urine.

  1963cites this paper
• CHAPTER 9 – Saccharides: Alternate Routes of Metabolism*†

  1962cites this paper
• Wege des Abbaues von Kohlenhydraten bei Sauerstoffatmung und Gärungen

  1960cites this paper
• An improved method for the isolation and estimation of furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in human urine

  1960cites this paper
• Influence of molecular size of glycogen on the phosphorylase reaction.

  1958cites this paper
• THE REDUCTION OF TETRAZOLIUM SALTS BY ASCITES TUMOR CELLS IN THE PRESENCE OF GLUCOSE

  1958cites this paper
• [Cell growth and multiplication in yeast].

  1958cites this paper
• [22] The synthesis and degradation of isotopically labeled carbohydrates and carbohydrate intermediates

  1957cites this paper
• Hog kidney gluconokinase.

  1957cites this paper
• Comparison of the absorption and destruction of the lactone and salt form of glucuronic acid by dogs.

  1956cites this paper
• Glucose catabolism in liver slices via the phosphogluconate oxidation pathway.

  1955cites this paper
• The fraction of glucose catabolized via the glycolytic pathway.

  1955cites this paper
• Glycogen regeneration in vivo.

  1955cites this paper
• A study of the nature of glycogen regeneration in the intact animal.

  1954cites this paper
• Studies on the oxidation of gluconate by animal tissues.

  1954cites this paper
• Anaerobe Transhydrogenasen mit bekannter Substratspezifität

  1954cites this paper
• Das Zusammenwirken der Enzyme

  1954cites this paper
• Die Erforschung des Stoffwechsels unter Verwendung von Substanzen mit isotopem Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff

  1953cites this paper
• Alternative routes of carbohydrate oxidation.

  1953cites this paper
• Pathways from gluconic acid to glucose in vivo.

  1953cites this paper
• Evaluation of catabolic pathways of glucose in mammalian systems.

  1953cites this paper
• Nucleic acids, purines, and pyrimidines.

  1953cites this paper
• Studies on the metabolism of the carbon of cyanide and thiocyanate.

  1952cites this paper
• Phosphorylation of gluconate in yeast extracts.

  1952cites this paper
• Carbohydrate metabolism.

  1951cites this paper
• The biological transformation of galactose into glucose.

  1951cites this paper
• Metabolism of sorbitol and glucose compared in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats.

  1951cites this paper
• THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL ACIDOSIS ON THE DYNAMICS OF CIRCULATION

  1951cites this paper
• Rates of glucose production and oxidation in normal and diabetic rats.

  1951cites this paper