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Energia estática sobre o norte e nordeste do Brasil relacionada com a temperatura da superfície do mar

Ana Cleide Nascimento Bezerra,E. P. Cavalcanti

Published 2008 in Revista Brasileira De Meteorologia

ABSTRACT

Some aspects of the large scale atmospheric general circulation, in the North and Northeast Brazil, which are related to the Sea Surface Temperature (TSM) of the Tropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans were investigated from the apparent heat source and the humidity sink. Were utilized the monthly data variables temperature, specific humidity, zonal and meridional wind components and geopotential height from National Centers for Environment Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). The used data are spaced in a grating of 2.5°x 2.5° latitude and longitude, for the standard levels from 925 to 100 hPa. Besides, the used are TSM data from a 2° x 2° latitude and longitude grid. Four episodes of ENSO and four of dipole pattern were selected. The study refers to the rainy quarter period of February to April. During the warm (cold) episodes of El Nino and positive dipole (La Nina and negative dipole) the atmosphere over the areas 1 and 2 (1-Noth and 2- Northeast of Brazil) were less (more) humid. The observed above (below) mean variations in the dry static energy were more stronger during the El Nino (La Nina) years when compared to the years of positive dipole (negative dipole). Smaller (larger) areas of convergence of dry static energy in the lower levels and divergence in the upper levels during the years of El Nino (La Nina) were encountered. During the positive (negative) dipole phases the convergence band of static energy over the Atlantic Ocean was observed more towards north (south). The Amazon region behaved as an apparent water vapor sink during the episodes of El Nino, La Nina and dipoles positive and negative. The Northeast Brazil region behaved as an apparent water vapor source during the episodes of El Nino and positive dipole years and as a sink during the episodes of La Nina and negative dipole year.

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