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Dietary Protein and Changes in Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort

A. Hruby,P. Jacques

Published 2019 in Current Developments in Nutrition

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background Chronic inflammation is thought to be a major characteristic of aging, which may increase need for substrates, specifically protein, to support anti-inflammatory processes. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess associations between dietary protein and changes in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress over the long term in a community-dwelling population. Methods In 2061 participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort who attended exams 7 (1998–2001; mean ± SD age 60.0 ± 8.8 y, 56% female) and 8 (2005–2008), total, animal, and plant protein intakes were assessed by food-frequency questionnaire at each exam, energy adjusted, and averaged. We defined an inflammation and oxidative stress score as the sum of rank-normalized values of 9 circulating biomarkers (C-reactive protein, osteoprotegerin, P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor receptor II, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 mass and activity), and urinary isoprostanes, along with 2 subscores. Adjusted least-square means of changes in the scores and log individual biomarkers in quartile categories of intake were estimated with the use of linear regression models, across mean ± SD 6.6 ± 0.7 y of follow-up. Results Protein intake was inversely associated with changes in the inflammation and oxidative stress score (mean ± SE in Q1 compared with Q4: 0.77 ± 0.17 compared with 0.31 ± 0.19; P-trend = 0.02), indicating overall inflammation/oxidative stress increased less in those with the highest intake than in those with the lowest. Favorable associations were observed for plant protein (Q1 compared with Q4: 0.89 ± 0.25 compared with 0.14 ± 0.25; P-trend = 0.001), but only trended toward significance for animal protein (Q1 compared with Q4: 0.70 ± 0.26 compared with 0.31 ± 0.26; P-trend = 0.05). Total protein and plant protein intakes were also inversely associated with changes in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (total: Q1 compared with Q4: 0.19 ± 0.01 compared with 0.15 ± 0.01 log-pg/mL; P-trend = 0.03; plant: Q1 compared with Q4: 0.21 ± 0.01 compared with 0.16 ± 0.01 log-pg/mL; P-trend = 0.003). Conclusions Dietary protein, particularly from plant sources, may be associated with beneficial changes in the inflammatory burden in aging populations.

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