The Alchemist's Approach to Metal Poisoning: Transforming the Metal Burden

Metal poisoning is a global problem with humans being exposed to a wide range of metals in varying doses and varying time frames. Traditionally, treatment involves removal of the toxic source or chelation therapy. An intermediate approach is needed. This review outlines the argument for the use of essential metal supplementation as a strategy to induce metallothionein expression and displace the toxic metal from important biological systems, improving the metal burden of the patient. Specific recommendations are given for supplementation with calcium, zinc and vitamin E as a broad strategy to improve the status of those exposed to toxic metals.

• Publication year

  2014

• Venue

  Toxics

• Publication date

  2014-06-25

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Chemistry, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/TOXICS2030364
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Microalgae, Vitamins and Multi-Mineral Supplementation-Promising Protective Effects against Cadmium Toxicity

  2013cited by this paper
• Cadmium Toxicity and Treatment

  2013cited by this paper
• Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification—A Review

  2013cited by this paper
• The Protective Role of Zinc against Acute Toxicity of Depleted Uranium in Rats

  2012cited by this paper
• Effect of Cadmium Chloride and / or Vitamin "C" on Metallothionein Gene Expression

  2012cited by this paper
• Zinc and Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines: Implications for Cardiometabolic Disease

  2012cited by this paper
• The Role of Metal Regulatory Proteins in Brain Oxidative Stress: A Tutorial

  2012cited by this paper
• Combined Effect of Dietary Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on Metallothionein Induction and Apoptosis in the Liver and Kidneys of Bank Voles

  2011cited by this paper
• Mercury Toxicity and Treatment: A Review of the Literature

  2011cited by this paper
• Delayed biochemical changes induced by mercury intoxication are prevented by zinc pre-exposure.

  2011cited by this paper
• Chelation in Metal Intoxication

  2010cited by this paper
• The Essential Toxin: Impact of Zinc on Human Health

  2010cited by this paper
• Antioxidant Activity of Sulfur and Selenium: A Review of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Metal-Binding Antioxidant Mechanisms

  2009cited by this paper
• The effect of dietary selenium supplementation on cadmium absorption and retention in suckling rats

  2009cited by this paper
• Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure

  2009cited by this paper
• Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Blood Lead Levels in Pregnancy: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

  2008cited by this paper
• Molecular mechanisms triggered by mercury.

  2008cited by this paper
• Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy.

  2008cited by this paper
• Preventive effect of zinc against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the rat testis.

  2008cited by this paper
• Associations between cognitive function, blood lead concentration, and nutrition among children in the central Philippines.

  2008cited by this paper
• Dietary calcium supplementation to lower blood lead levels in pregnancy and lactation.

  2007cited by this paper
• Protective effects of selenium and zinc on changes in catecholamine levels of brain regions in lead intoxified rat.

  2007cited by this paper
• The role of thiols, dithiols, nutritional factors and interacting ligands in the toxicology of mercury.

  2007cited by this paper
• Protective role of selenium against renal toxicity induced by cadmium in rats.

  2007cited by this paper
• The Balance between Life and Death of Cells: Roles of Metallothioneins

  2006cited by this paper
• Marginal zinc deficiency exacerbates bone lead accumulation and high dietary zinc attenuates lead accumulation at the expense of bone density in growing rats.

  2006cited by this paper
• Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation.

  2006cited by this paper
• Zinc Coordination Environments in Proteins as Redox Sensors and Signal Transducers

  2006cited by this paper
• Strategies for Safe and Effective Therapeutic Measures for Chronic Arsenic and Lead Poisoning

  2005cited by this paper
• A protective role for zinc on intestinal peroxidative damage during oral iron repletion.

  2004cited by this paper
• Zinc protects chromium-induced testicular injury in mice

  2002cited by this paper
• New insights into the role of zinc in the respiratory epithelium

  2001cited by this paper
• Toxicity of depleted uranium.

  2001cited by this paper
• The function of zinc metallothionein: a link between cellular zinc and redox state.

  2000cited by this paper
• The antioxidant properties of zinc.

  2000cited by this paper
• The influence of nutrition on methyl mercury intoxication.

  2000cited by this paper
• Cysteine metabolism and metal toxicity.

  1998cited by this paper
• Effects of micronutrients on metal toxicity.

  1998cited by this paper
• Induction of metallothionein as an adaptive mechanism affecting the magnitude and progression of toxicological injury.

  1998cited by this paper
• The functional significance of brain metallothioneins

  1996cited by this paper
• Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions.

  1995cited by this paper
• New aspects on the distribution and metabolism of essential trace elements after dietary exposure to toxic metals

  1989cited by this paper
• Quantification of metallothioneins by a silver-saturation method.

  1986cited by this paper
• Mechanism of protection by zinc against mercuric chloride toxicity in rats: effects of zinc and mercury on glutathionine metabolism.

  1986cited by this paper
• Effect of zinc pretreatment on mercuric chloride-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat kidney.

  1984cited by this paper
• Theoretical and practical considerations on the problem of metal--metal interaction.

  1978cited by this paper
• Some observations on the interaction of zinc, copper, and iron metabolism in lead and cadmium toxicity.

  1978cited by this paper
• Influence of dietary zinc on lead toxicity in the rat.

  1976cited by this paper
• “The Merck Index”

  1953cited by this paper

• Co-supplementation of Zinc and Calcium Suppresses Bio-absorption of Lead in Sprague Dawley Rats

  2022cites this paper
• Assessment of Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Postmyocardial Infarction Patients and Patients Free from Cardiovascular Event

  2021cites this paper
• Effect of Moringaoleifera (Moringa) on tand lead mixture in rats body

  2021cites this paper
• Assessment of Concentrations of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, and Fe) in Postmyocardial Infarction Patients and Patients Free from Cardiovascular Event and Their Relationship with the Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction

  2020cites this paper
• Changes in the brain antioxidant profile after chronic vanadium administration in mice

  2018cites this paper
• Biochemical and Molecular Targets of Heavy Metals and Their Actions

  2018cites this paper
• Corvitin restores metallothionein and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in rat brain affected by pituitrin-izadrin

  2017influential citation
• Changes in the brain antioxidant profile after chronic vanadium administration in mice

  2017cites this paper
• Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants

  2015cites this paper