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Optimization of rhizogenesis in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) vitro plantlets derived from direct organogenesis of mature zygotic embryos (MZE)

Tabi-Mbi Kingsley,N. Godswill,Tonfack Brice,Ng,O. Frank,Y. Emmanuel

Published 2018 in Advances in Plants and Agriculture Research

ABSTRACT

Planting of improved seedlings could be a sustainable solution as far as the ever increasing demand for oil palm products is concerned. The production and distribution of elite planting stock of oil palm by the conventional method is hampered by slow and low germination rates due to intensive dormancy.1 Besides, oil palm clones produced from somatic embryogenesis to salvage seeding shortage often show undesirable somaclonal variations resulting in abnormalities associated with parthenocarpic fruit set and bunch failure.2 This project was initiated to verify the potential of direct organogenesis of mature zygotic embryo (MZE) as an alternative approach for rapid production of oil palm seedlings. In the initial experiment, the rate of direct regeneration of vitro plantlets from MZE of some tenera elites in Cameroon was tested in hormone free Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium and results showed a plantlet regeneration rate of 90 %. Unfortunately 70 % of regenerated plantlets did not differentiate completely i.e. in vitro plantlets obtained had only a shoot axis while the root axis was completely absent (Figure 1A). The main challenge noticed in direct organogenesis of MZE was low rhizogenesis. It was impossible for the regenerated plantlets without roots axes to be transferred into the soil pots for hardening and acclimatization. It was within this backdrop that the present study was initiated with the objective to improve rhizogenesis in vitro in oil palm plantlets during direct organogenesis from mature zygotic embryo.

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