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Nanoindentation-Based Characterization of Hard and Soft Tissues

P. Vena,D. Gastaldi

Published 2019 in Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering

ABSTRACT

Abstract Mechanical response of tissues is largely governed by the architectural arrangement of their basic constituents that feature characteristic size in the order of microns or nanometers. The capability to probe the mechanical properties of the tissues across the length scales from nano- (constituent level) to macroscopic (organ level) scale is a primary requisite to comprehend the role of the constituents’ properties and of their geometric arrangement in determining the function and the mechanical response of the tissue. In this article, the nanoindentation test is proposed as a potential mean to cope with this challenging aim. Here, we first review the basics of nanoindentation including the technical issues related to the small-scale experiments; in the following sections, the nanoindentation technique is discussed with specific reference to cortical bone as a representative example of a hard tissue with anisotropic and size-dependent mechanical properties and to articular cartilage as e representative example of fluid-saturated soft material. In both cases, the characteristic length of the experiment is identified, and its role in assessing the tissue properties is deeply discussed.

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