RESEARCH NOTES. LEADERS, FOLLOWERS, AND FREE RIDERS: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF VARIATION IN CORPORATE POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT.

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  1991

• Venue

  Academy of Management Journal

• Publication date

  1991-12-01

• Fields of study

  Business, Political Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.2307/256394
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• No references are available for this paper.

• An integrative review and research agenda on organizational slack: addressing assumptions, conflicted theoretical proposals and conclusions

  2025cites this paper
• Shifting Battlegrounds: Corporate Political Activity in the EU General Data Protection Regulation

  2025cites this paper
• Political visits and foreign direct investment

  2025cites this paper
• Corporate political action and R&D investments: complementary effects and the role of communication in overcoming ex-post transaction costs

  2024cites this paper
• CEO personality and ideological corporate political activity: is there a connection?

  2024cites this paper
• Coping With Procedural Uncertainty: Firms' Procedural Framings and Political Strategies in the Context of Switzerland's Mission‐Driven Energy Policy

  2024cites this paper
• Inward FDI and local firms' political connections in emerging markets: Evidence from China

  2024cites this paper
• Political lobbying by foreign firms: A new firm-level data set

  2023cites this paper
• Who Needs the Government? An Analysis of Managerial Ability and Corporate Political Activity

  2023cites this paper
• Cozy Politics on Environmental and Financial Performance: Evidence from Oil and Gas companies

  2022cites this paper
• The Evolving Political Marketplace: Revisiting 60 Years of Theoretical Dominance Through a Review of Corporate Political Activity Scholarship in Business & Society and Major Management Journals

  2022cites this paper
• When Not One of the Crowd: The Effects of CEO Ideological Divergence on Lobbying Strategy

  2022cites this paper
• A supply-side approach to corporate political activity: Performance consequences of ideologically driven CPA

  2020cites this paper
• Aspirations and Corporate Lobbying in the Product Market

  2019cites this paper
• Does charitable giving substitute or complement firm differentiation strategy? Evidence from Chinese private SMEs

  2019cites this paper
• Is your playing field unleveled? U.S. defense contracts and foreign firm lobbying

  2019cites this paper
• What does targeting ecological sustainability mean for company financial performance?

  2019cites this paper
• Addressing the cross-boundary missing link between corporate political activities and firm competencies: The mediating role of institutional capital

  2018cites this paper
• Corporate Diplomacy as an Engagement Strategy of the Nonmarket Business Environment

  2018cites this paper
• Nonmarket strategy research through the lens of new institutional economics: An integrative review and future directions

  2017cites this paper
• Industry Business Associations: Self-Interested or Socially Conscious?

  2017cites this paper
• Political dependence, social scrutiny, and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from disaster relief.

  2017cites this paper
• What’s the value in it? Corporate giving under uncertainty

  2017cites this paper
• Corporate political strategies: a contemporary literature review

  2017cites this paper
• A Theory of Critical Junctures for Democratization: A Comparative Examination of Constitution-Making in Egypt and Tunisia

  2016cites this paper
• Reputation for toughness and anti-dumping rebuttals: Competitive rivalry, perceived benefits, and stage of the product life cycle ☆

  2016cites this paper
• Impact of Corporate Governance on Corporate Social Responsibility in India—Empirical Analysis

  2016cites this paper
• Business owners’ achieved social status and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from Chinese private small- and medium-sized enterprises

  2016cites this paper
• The Role of Industry Studies and Public Policies in Production and Operations Management

  2016cites this paper
• The changing role of accounting: From consumers to shareholders

  2015cites this paper
• Complementarity in Firms’ Market and Political Capabilities: An Integrated Theoretical Perspective

  2015cites this paper
• Dormancy as a Strategic Response to Detrimental Public Policy

  2015cites this paper
• Competition in corporate philanthropic disaster giving: Balancing between giving timing and amount

  2015cites this paper
• Influencing public policymaking: Firm-, industry-, and country-level determinants

  2015cites this paper
• Linking Corporate Community Programs and Political Strategies

  2015cites this paper
• Motivations for Corporate Political Activity

  2015cites this paper
• Strictly Limited Choice or Agency? Institutional Duality, Legitimacy, and Subsidiaries’ Political Strategies

  2015cites this paper
• Determinants of Foreign Firms’ Collective Action in Emerging Economies: Evidence from India

  2015cites this paper
• Corporate political performance: approaches and theories

  2014cites this paper
• Can companies buy legitimacy? Using corporate political strategies to offset negative corporate social responsibility records

  2014cites this paper
• Are collective political actions and private political actions substitutes or complements? Empirical evidence from China's private sector

  2014cites this paper
• Managerial incentive, organizational slack, and performance: empirical analysis of Japanese firms’ behavior

  2014cites this paper
• Do multinational enterprises contribute to sustainable development by engaging in lobbying? The automotive industry and environmental regulations

  2014cites this paper
• Exploring Corporate Lobbyists' Perceptions of Prospective Coalition Partners in Brussels

  2014cites this paper
• One Voice, But Whose Voice? Exploring What Drives Trade Association Activity

  2013cites this paper
• Why Do MNEs Engage in MNE-Government Relations? Empirical Evidence from the European Union and the Automotive Industry

  2013cites this paper
• Corporate Political Activity: A Literature Review and Research Agenda

  2013cites this paper
• The Influence of Ownership Structure on How Firms Make Corporate Political Strategy Choices

  2013cites this paper
• Collaboration networks and innovation: does corporate lobbying matter?

  2013cites this paper
• The diversification effects of a firm's political connection and its performance implications: Evidence from China

  2012cites this paper
• Tribunal Specialization and Institutional Targeting in Patent Enforcement

  2012influential citation
• O papel dos fatores políticos na internacionalização de empresas: o caso da Energias de Portugal (EDP) no Brasil The role of political factors in the internationalization of companies: the case of Energias de Portugal (EDP) in Brazil

  2012cites this paper
• O papel dos fatores políticos na internacionalização de empresas: o caso da Energias de Portugal (EDP) no Brasil

  2012cites this paper
• Firm lobbying and influence in developing countries: a multilevel approach

  2012cites this paper
• Asset Specificity and Corporate Political Activity in Regulated Industries

  2012cites this paper
• Political Strategies as a Response to Public and Private Stakeholder Pressures

  2012cites this paper
• Complementary or alternative? The effects of corporate political strategy on innovation

  2010cites this paper
• MNEs and policy networks: Institutional embeddedness and strategic choice

  2010cites this paper
• Top management teams and corporate political activity: Do top management teams have influence on corporate political activity?

  2010cites this paper
• Philanthropic disaster relief giving as a response to institutional pressure: Evidence from China

  2010cites this paper
• How private enterprises establish organizational legitimacy in China's transitional economy

  2010cites this paper
• Resources of Multinational Enterprises Used for Corporate Political Activities in the European Union

  2010cites this paper
• When Do Firms Prefer Individual Action to Collective Action in The Pursuit of Corporate Political Strategy? A New Perspective on Industry Concentration

  2009influential citation
• Malaysia: Value Relevance of Accounting Numbers

  2009cites this paper
• Vices and Virtues of Corporate Political Activity

  2009cites this paper
• Business and public policy: Competing in the political marketplace

  2008cites this paper
• O Paradoxo das Estratégias Multidomésticas num Mundo Global: testemunho das estratégias de "não-mercado" nos países em desenvolvimento

  2008cites this paper
• Drivers of discretionary firm donations in Brazil

  2008cites this paper
• How private enterprises respond to government bureaucracy in emerging economies: the effects of entrepreneurial type and governance

  2008cites this paper
• Nonmarket performance: Evidence from U.S. electric utilities

  2006cites this paper
• Nonmarket Strategy Performance: Evidence from U.S. Electric Utilities

  2006cites this paper
• How does accounting fit into a firm’s political strategy?

  2006cites this paper
• What Determines the Scope of the Firm Over Time? A Focus on Institutional Relatedness

  2005cites this paper
• The Attractiveness of Political Markets: Implications for Firm Strategy

  2005cites this paper
• Firm-Specific Determinants of Corporate Lobbying Participation and Intensity

  2005cites this paper
• Corporate Political Strategies for Widely Salient Issues

  2005cites this paper
• The Evolution of Corporate Political Action: A Framework for Processual Analysisx

  2004influential citation
• Stakeholder Pressure, Organizational Size, and the Allocation of Departmental Responsibility for the Management of Corporate Charitable Giving

  2004cites this paper
• Predictors of firm-level political behavior in the global business environment: an investigation of specific activities employed by US firms

  2004cites this paper
• The power of the Buckley and Casson thesis: the ability to manage institutional idiosyncrasies

  2003cites this paper
• CONSIDER THE SOURCE! DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE PREFERENCES FOR PUBLIC POLICY

  2003cites this paper
• Nonmarket Strategy for Merger Reviews

  2003cites this paper
• Political strategies used by the US public accounting profession during auditor liability reform: The case of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

  2003cites this paper
• Determinants of Political Strategies in U.S. Multinationals

  2003cites this paper
• Les ressources politiques de l'entreprise: proposition d'une typologie

  2003cites this paper
• Determinants of Foreign Trade Mission Participation

  2002cites this paper
• Antecedents of Corporate Lobbying Participation and Intensity: A Review of the Literature

  2002cites this paper
• Changing environmental strategies over time: an empirical study of the steel industry in the United States.

  2001cites this paper
• Public affairs, issues management, and political strategy: opportunities, obstacles, and caveats

  2001cites this paper
• Firm Level Performance Implications of Nonmarket Actions

  2000cites this paper
• The development of business–government strategies by diversified firms

  2000cites this paper
• Testing the Firm as a Filter of Corporate Political Action

  1999cites this paper
• Do Corporate PACs Restrict Competition?

  1998cites this paper
• The Filtering Role of the Firm in Corporate Political Involvement

  1997cites this paper
• A Structural Analysis of Corporate Political Activity

  1995cites this paper
• Testing a Model of Organizational Response to Social and Political Issues

  1994cites this paper