Patients with peripheral field loss complain of colliding with other pedestrians in open-space environments such as shopping malls. Field expansion devices (e.g., prisms) can create artificial peripheral islands of vision. We investigated the visual angle at which these islands can be most effective for avoiding pedestrian collisions, by modeling the collision risk density as a function of bearing angle of pedestrians relative to the patient. Pedestrians at all possible locations were assumed to be moving in all directions with equal probability within a reasonable range of walking speeds. The risk density was found to be highly anisotropic. It peaked at ≈45° eccentricity. Increasing pedestrian speed range shifted the risk to higher eccentricities. The risk density is independent of time to collision. The model results were compared to the binocular residual peripheral island locations of 42 patients with forms of retinitis pigmentosa. The natural residual island prevalence also peaked nasally at about 45° but temporally at about 75°. This asymmetry resulted in a complementary coverage of the binocular field of view. Natural residual binocular island eccentricities seem well matched to the collision-risk density function, optimizing detection of other walking pedestrians (nasally) and of faster hazards (temporally). Field expansion prism devices will be most effective if they can create artificial peripheral islands at about 45° eccentricities. The collision risk and residual island findings raise interesting questions about normal visual development.
The risk of pedestrian collisions with peripheral visual field loss
E. Peli,Henry Apfelbaum,E. Berson,R. Goldstein
Published 2016 in Journal of Vision
ABSTRACT
PUBLICATION RECORD
- Publication year
2016
- Venue
Journal of Vision
- Publication date
2016-12-01
- Fields of study
Medicine, Geology
- Identifiers
- External record
- Source metadata
Semantic Scholar, PubMed
CITATION MAP
EXTRACTION MAP
CLAIMS
CONCEPTS
- bearing angle
The angular location of a pedestrian relative to the patient's line of sight or forward direction.
Aliases: eccentricity, angular position
- collision risk density
The modeled density of pedestrian-collision risk as a function of angular position relative to the observer.
Aliases: risk density
- field expansion prism devices
Prism-based vision aids designed to expand the effective visual field by creating peripheral image islands.
Aliases: prisms, field expansion devices
- pedestrian speed range
The range of walking speeds assigned to pedestrians in the collision-risk model.
Aliases: walking speed range, speed range
- peripheral islands of vision
Isolated peripheral regions of usable vision, including naturally remaining islands and artificial islands created by field expansion optics.
Aliases: peripheral island, residual island, artificial peripheral island
- peripheral visual field loss
Loss of vision in the outer parts of the visual field that limits detection of objects and people in peripheral space.
Aliases: field loss, peripheral field loss
- residual peripheral island locations
The measured eccentric positions of the remaining peripheral binocular vision islands in the patient sample.
Aliases: binocular residual peripheral island locations, residual island locations
- retinitis pigmentosa
An inherited retinal degeneration used here to identify patients with binocular residual peripheral islands.
Aliases: RP
- time to collision
The remaining time before a pedestrian would collide with the observer under the modeled motion.
Aliases: TTC
REFERENCES
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