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Effects of Rapid or Slow Body Mass Reduction on Body Composition in Adult Rats

Shinji Tai,Y. Tsurumi,Yukari Yokota,M. Masuhara,K. Okamura

Published 2008 in Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition

ABSTRACT

We showed that skeletal muscles did not decrease regardless of rapid (R) or slow (S) body mass (BM) reduction, whereas splanchnic tissues decreased more in R than S in adult rats (EB2005). To investigate if body fat stores affect the results observed in the above study, young rats whose body fat was less than adult rats were subjected to R or S BM reduction. Fifteen rats (6‐wk‐old) were assigned to a group fed ad‐lib (C, n = 5), moderately restricted energy intake for 14 days to reduce BM gain (S, n = 5) or fasted for the last 3 days of the 14‐day study to reach comparable BM in S rapidly (R, n = 5). All rats were trained with a climbing cage 3 times a week (5 min × 6 sets). Drinking water was withdrawn for 19 h before sacrifice in R. Final BM was 316 g (SD 12), 238 (14), 236 (5) in C, R and S, respectively. The mass, water, protein and total lipid of carcass and excised skeletal muscles were less in both R and S than C. These measurements did not differ between R and S except for the gastrocnemius which was lower in S than R. The adipose tissue mass was significantly lower in both R and S than C and the decrease tended to be greater in S than R. The mass of the liver, stomach and small intestine was lower in both R and S than C and the mass of these tissues was lower in R than S due to lower content of water and protein in R than S, but total lipid of these tissues were similar in R and S. These results demonstrate that both skeletal muscle and splanchnic tissues decrease in both R and S in rats with less body fat stores and a decrease in skeletal muscle would not be influenced by the rapidity of BM reduction whereas a decrease in splanchnic tissues is greater in rapid BM reduction. Thus, the less body fat stores, the more skeletal muscle decreases, while body fat stores does not appear to influence a decrease in splanchnic tissues which is greater in rapid BM reduction.

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