Síndromes paraneoplásicos del sistema nervioso

Resumen Los sindromes paraneoplasicos son las manifestaciones clinicas de un tumor que no estan relacionadas con la invasion directa del tumor primario o de sus metastasis. Comprenden un grupo heterogeneo de sindromes que pueden afectar a cualquier parte del sistema nervioso central o periferico, union neuromuscular y musculo y en ocasiones en el mismo paciente en multiples areas. Son poco frecuentes, con una incidencia general en pacientes con cancer inferior al 1%. La presencia de anticuerpos onconeuronales apoya el diagnostico en un sindrome clinico compatible; sin embargo, solo estan presentes en aproximadamente un 50% de los casos, por lo que su ausencia no descarta el diagnostico. Si se puede, se debe iniciar el tratamiento lo antes posible, pues los sindromes paraneoplasicos evolucionan en unas semanas, pudiendo producir un dano irreversible e incluso la muerte del paciente. Paraneoplastic syndromes are the clinical manifestations of a tumour that are not related to direct invasion of the primary tumour or of its metastases. These syndromes make up a heterogeneous group of syndromes that can affect any part of the central or peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular junction and muscle and, occasionally, in multiple areas in the same patient. The syndromes are uncommon, with a general incidence rate in patients with cancer of less than 1%. The presence of onconeural antibodies supports the diagnosis in a compatible clinical syndrome; however, these antibodies are only present in approximately 50% of cases; therefore, their absence does not rule out the diagnosis. If available, treatment should be started as soon as possible, because paraneoplastic syndromes progress in a few weeks and can cause irreversible damage and even death.

• Publication year

  2019

• Venue

  Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

• Publication date

  2019-05-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/J.MED.2019.05.013
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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