The diet, health, and environment trilemma

Irana W. Hawkins

Published 2019 in Environmental Nutrition

ABSTRACT

Abstract During the past century, human activity has stressed and pushed the limits of the natural environment while food systems and food choices became a major contributor to environmental degradation and poor health outcomes. This chapter will discuss the nexus and challenges posed as diet, the environment and human health intersect. First, the excessive use of natural resources that are consumed before they can be naturally replenished within a year’s time will be discussed. An overview of our planetary boundaries will follow where an emphasis is placed on the role of industrialized agriculture in biodiversity loss, land use changes, water and energy use, and nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. Next, the role of food systems and the burden of diet-related chronic diseases will be delineated that includes obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and antibiotic resistance.

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