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Comparative essential oil composition and fatty acid profiling of some Iranian black cumin landraces

S. Hosseini,H. Rezadoost,F. Nadjafi,Mohammad Hassan Asareh

Published 2019 in Industrial crops and products (Print)

ABSTRACT

Abstract Seeds of black cumin have high values of thymoquinone in essence. Metabolites of black cumin seeds would present a potent and therapeutically activity on the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and endocrine systems. Therefore, it is worthwhile to find superior landraces of black cumin, for further breeding objects. In this study, 16 landraces were collected from different regions of Iran and then were cultivated in a same climate condition in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for two years (2015–2016). Fixed oil content of seeds was completely extracted by petroleum ether assisted soxhlet extraction. In addition, the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from both fixed oil and seeds. Essential oil composition and fatty acid profiling were identified by GC/FID and GC/MS. Results showed that the highest content of essential oil were observed in Gerdmiran (1.28%) and Khaaf (1.25%) landraces. Thymoquinone and p-cymene (70–79%) were the main compounds of the essential oil; so that the highest amount of thymoquinone were recorded in both years in Esfehan (40.15% and 44.77% for the first and second year respectively) landrace. The highest content of fixed oil was observed in Sarayan landrace (33.04%). Generally, 86% to 93% of fatty acids were comprised of three main compounds including linoleic acid (omega 6), oleic acid and palmitic acid. The highest amount of linoleic acid obtained in landraces of Bolbanabad (55.95%) in first year and Bajestan (54.78%) in second year. Highest amounts of oleic acid and palmitic acid were observed in Sarayan (29.39% and 28.09%) and Komme (12.47% and 12.83%) landraces in both years.

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