Chloroplast stress signals: regulation of cellular degradation and chloroplast turnover.

For 40 years, it has been known that chloroplasts signal to the nucleus and the cell to coordinate gene expression, maximize photosynthesis, and avoid stress. However, the signaling mechanisms have been challenging to uncover due to the complexity of these signals and the stresses that induce them. New research has shown that many signals are induced by singlet oxygen, a natural by-product of inefficient photosynthesis. Chloroplast singlet oxygen not only regulates nuclear gene expression, but also cellular degradation and cell death. Stressed chloroplasts also induce post-translational mechanisms, including autophagy, that allows individual chloroplasts to regulate their own degradation and turnover. Such chloroplast quality control pathways may allow cells to maintain healthy populations of chloroplasts and to avoid cumulative photo-oxidative stress in stressful environments.

• Publication year

  2019

• Venue

  Current opinion in plant biology

• Publication date

  2019-12-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.06.005PMID 31442733
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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