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Rapid and Sensitive Analytical Procedure for Biomonitoring of Organophosphates Pesticides' Metabolites in Human Urine Samples using Vortex-Assisted Salt-Induced Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Technique Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS.

R. Pasupuleti,P. Tsai,Pi-I D Lin,Ming-Tsang Wu,V. Ponnusamy

Published 2020 in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are most commonly used insecticides around the world among various agricultural and domestic practices, and humans are frequently exposed to these hazardous insecticides and lead to several chronic health effects. Therefore, a fast and sensitive analytical method is required for biomonitoring the markers of OPPs in humans for exposure estimation. In this study, a fast and sensitive analytical procedure was developed for the determination of OPPs' metabolites in human urine samples. METHODS OPPs' metabolites were extracted from 2 mL of urine sample using a novel vortex-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction technique (VA-SI-LLME), and the preconcentrated OPPs' metabolites were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS) coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer. Various factors affecting the VA-SI-LLME efficiency were completely investigated. RESULTS OPPs' metabolites exhibited superior linearity over the concentration range between 0.05 ~ 50 ng mL-1 with coefficient (r2 ) values ranged between 0.9986 ~ 0.9999. The presented method showed excellent sensitivity with the detection limits ranging from 0.01 ~ 0.03 ng mL-1 and the quantification limits between 0.03 ~ 0.05 ng mL-1 . The developed method was applied to the analysis of the real samples, and the recoveries were ranged between 85.0 ~ 114.1% with related standard deviations were <5%. CONCLUSIONS The VA-SI-LLME/UHPLC-MS/MS method results proven to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective analytical procedure for biomonitoring of OPPs' metabolites in human. This efficient and cost-effective analytical method claims its practical solicitation, and it can be a potential alternative analytical method for the biomonitoring of pesticides' metabolites in human.

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