Correlations between the Peptide Hormone Ghrelin and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Experimental Periodontitis Models of Female Rats at Different Stages of the Life Cycle.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the correlations between the levels of ghrelin and inflammatory and bone metabolism markers in rats with periodontitis. DESIGN Thirty female Wistar rats (6 trial rats and 4 control rats in each group) were divided into pubertal, adult and postmenopausal groups. Periodontitis was induced by ligatures. On the 21 st day, blood was collected and all rats were then sacrificed. The levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), acylated ghrelin, total ghrelin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligands in the blood samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The jaws were decalcified in a Tris-EDTA solution and embedded in paraffin and 4-5 μm sections were cut for IL-β, TNF -α and ghrelin staining. RESULTS Significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase levels were detected in the trial rats in the pubertal group than in the control rats (p = 0.033). In the postmenopausal group, ghrelin levels positively correlated with interleukin 1 beta levels (r = 0.708, p < 0.05). Among all trial rats, the postmenopausal group exhibited significantly higher levels of acylated ghrelin than the other groups (p = 0.001). Significantly higher osteoprotegerin levels were observed in the control rats than in the trial rats in the postmenopausal group (p = 0.012). Inflammation scores were significantly higher in adult trial rats than in controls (p = 0.024); significantly higher TNF-α levels were detected in postmenopausal experimental rats than in the adult experimental group (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that total ghrelin levels in serum only correlated with IL-β levels in postmenopausal rats.

• Publication year

  2019

• Venue

  Archives of Oral Biology

• Publication date

  2019-12-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104518PMID 31472279
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Tumor necrosis factor-α enhances RANKL expression in gingival epithelial cells via protein kinase A signaling.

  2014cited by this paper
• Periodontal Therapy in the Female Patient

  2012cited by this paper
• Ghrelin levels in chronic periodontitis patients

  2012cited by this paper
• The effects of ghrelin on inflammation and the immune system.

  2011cited by this paper
• Plasma vitamin D and cytokines in periodontal disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

  2011cited by this paper
• Gingival crevicular fluid biochemical markers in periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study.

  2010cited by this paper
• Clinical practice. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.

  2010cited by this paper
• Interleukin-17, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin levels in gingival crevicular fluid from smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis during initial periodontal treatment.

  2009cited by this paper
• Therapeutic implications of osteoprotegerin

  2009cited by this paper
• Expression, regulation and biological actions of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin in the immune system.

  2009cited by this paper
• Novel connections between the neuroendocrine and immune systems: the ghrelin immunoregulatory network.

  2008cited by this paper
• Circulating ghrelin, leptin, and soluble leptin receptor concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in a community-based sample.

  2008cited by this paper
• Ghrelin in pathological conditions.

  2008cited by this paper
• The Relationship between Periodontal Status and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Men with Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism

  2008cited by this paper
• Inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.

  2008cited by this paper
• Role of Ghrelin and Leptin in Predicting the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis

  2007cited by this paper
• Diabetes modulates gene expression in the gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis.

  2007cited by this paper
• The influence of inflammation on the polarization colors of collagen fibers in the wall of odontogenic keratocyst.

  2007cited by this paper
• Bacterial endotoxin induces biphasic changes in plasma ghrelin in healthy humans.

  2007cited by this paper
• In vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of ghrelin: Attenuation of gastric ischemic injury in the rat

  2007cited by this paper
• Gingival crevicular fluid levels of RANKL and OPG in periodontal diseases: implications of their relative ratio.

  2007cited by this paper
• Cytokine pattern determines the progression of experimental periodontal disease induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans through the modulation of MMPs, RANKL, and their physiological inhibitors.

  2006cited by this paper
• Balance of inflammatory response in stable gingivitis and progressive periodontitis lesions

  2006cited by this paper
• Host responses in maintaining periodontal health and determining periodontal disease.

  2006cited by this paper
• Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase levels in postmenopausal women: effects of phase I periodontal treatment.

  2006cited by this paper
• Ghrelin and Leptin Elevation in Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Sepsis

  2005cited by this paper
• Developments in ghrelin biology and potential clinical relevance.

  2005cited by this paper
• Ghrelin stimulates proliferation and differentiation and inhibits apoptosis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

  2005cited by this paper
• Estrogen replacement therapy increases plasma ghrelin levels.

  2005cited by this paper
• The interleukin-10 knockout mouse is highly susceptible to Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss.

  2004cited by this paper
• Ghrelin Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses and Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Human Endothelial Cells

  2004cited by this paper
• Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells.

  2004cited by this paper
• Ghrelin levels are not regulated by recombinant leptin administration and/or three days of fasting in healthy subjects.

  2004cited by this paper
• Bone resorbing activity and cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid before and after treatment of periodontal disease.

  2004cited by this paper
• Differential Expression of RANKL and Osteoprotegerin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis

  2004cited by this paper
• Induction of alkaline phosphatase in the inflamed intestine: a novel pharmacological target for inflammatory bowel disease.

  2004cited by this paper
• T cell regulation of the immune response to infection in periodontal diseases.

  2003cited by this paper
• Oral infection; cardiology: Oral health indicators poorly predict coronary heart disease deaths

  2003cited by this paper
• The periodontal status of pregnant women and its relationship with socio-demographic and clinical variables.

  2003cited by this paper
• Alkaline phosphatase isozyme activity in serum from patients with chronic periodontitis.

  2003cited by this paper
• Ghrelin levels correlate with insulin levels, insulin resistance, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with gender, menopausal status, or cortisol levels in humans.

  2003cited by this paper
• Receptor activator NF kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression in periodontitis.

  2003cited by this paper
• The contribution of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor to periodontal tissue destruction.

  2003cited by this paper
• Influence of sex hormones on the periodontium.

  2003cited by this paper
• Chronic inflammation modulates ghrelin levels in humans and rats.

  2003cited by this paper
• Epidermal growth factor receptor in non-small-cell lung carcinomas: correlation between gene copy number and protein expression and impact on prognosis.

  2003cited by this paper
• Ghrelin secretion in humans is sexually dimorphic, suppressed by somatostatin, and not affected by the ambient growth hormone levels.

  2003cited by this paper
• Relationship between clinical parameters and cytokine profiles in inflamed gingival tissue and serum samples from patients with chronic periodontitis.

  2003cited by this paper
• Ghrelin-producing cells exist as two types of cells, closed- and opened-type cells, in the rat gastrointestinal tract.

  2002cited by this paper
• Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretion.

  2002cited by this paper
• GCF IL-1β profiles in periodontal disease

  2002cited by this paper
• GCF IL-1beta profiles in periodontal disease.

  2002cited by this paper
• Ghrelin gene expression is age-dependent and influenced by gender and the level of circulating IGF-I.

  2002cited by this paper
• Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

  2001cited by this paper
• Up-regulation of TNF-producing T cells in the bone marrow: A key mechanism by which estrogen deficiency induces bone loss in vivo

  2001cited by this paper
• Bone mineral content and bone metabolism in young adults with severe periodontitis.

  2001cited by this paper
• Anti-inflammatory cytokines.

  2000cited by this paper
• Age-related decline in osteoprotegerin expression by human bone marrow cells cultured in three-dimensional collagen sponges.

  2000cited by this paper
• Immunological Characterization of Circulating Osteoprotegerin/Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitory Factor: Increased Serum Concentrations in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

  1999cited by this paper
• Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions.

  1999cited by this paper
• Serum bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme levels in normal children and children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency: a potential marker for bone formation and response to GH therapy.

  1997cited by this paper
• Role of Lymphotoxin and the Type I TNF Receptor in the Formation of Germinal Centers

  1996cited by this paper
• Expression of membrane alkaline phosphatase activity on gingival fibroblasts in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.

  1994cited by this paper
• Role of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in tissue destruction.

  1993cited by this paper
• Anti-inflammatory properties of estrogen. I. In vivo suppression of leukocyte production in bone marrow and redistribution of peripheral blood neutrophils.

  1992cited by this paper
• Mediators of inflammation.

  1985cited by this paper
• Alkaline phosphatase activity in the plasma of children and adolescents.

  1977cited by this paper
• The relationship of serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations to sex maturity ratings in adolescents.

  1976cited by this paper
• Endocrine Changes Before and After the Menarche

  1975cited by this paper
• Endocrine changes before and after the menarche. II. Serum levels of growth hormone and alkaline phosphatase, and urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.

  1975cited by this paper
• Mediators of Inflammation

  1974cited by this paper
• Alkaline phosphatase in human gingival fluid and its relation to periodontitis.

  1970cited by this paper

• Ghrelin mediated regulation of neurosynaptic transmitters in depressive disorders

  2022cites this paper
• Ghrelin and oral diseases

  2021cites this paper
• Effects of ınjectable platelet-rich fibrin in experimental periodontitis in rats

  2020cites this paper