The therapeutic mechanism macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α/CCL3) neutralizing antibody in Clostridium difficile infection in mice.

Jiani Wang,Christina Ortiz,Lindsey Fontenot,Riya Mukhopadhyay,Ying Xie,Xinhua Chen,H. Feng,C. Pothoulakis,H. Koon

Published 2019 in Journal of Infectious Diseases

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes diarrhea and colitis. We aimed at finding a common pathogenic pathway in CDI among humans and mice by comparing toxin-mediated effects in human and mouse colonic tissues. METHOD We determined the cytokine secretion of toxin A- and B-treated human and mouse colonic explants using multiplex ELISA. RESULTS Toxin A and toxin B exposure to fresh human and mouse colonic explants caused different patterns of cytokine secretion. Toxin A induced macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) secretion in both human and mouse explants. Toxin A reduced chloride anion exchanger SLC26A3 expression in mouse colonic explants and human colonic epithelial cells. C. difficile-infected patients had increased colonic MIP-1α expression and reduced colonic SLC26A3 expression compared to controls. Anti-MIP-1α neutralizing antibody prevented mortality, ameliorated colonic injury, reduced colonic IL-1beta mRNA expression, and restored colonic Slc26a3 expression in C. difficile-infected mice. The anti-MIP-1α neutralizing antibody prevented CDI recurrence. Slc26a3 inhibition augmented colonic IL-1β mRNA expression and abolished the protective effect of anti-MIP-1α neutralizing antibody in C. difficile-infected mice. CONCLUSION MIP-1α is a common toxin A-dependent chemokine in human and mouse colon. MIP-1α mediates detrimental effects by reducing Slc26a3 and enhancing IL-1β expression in the colon.

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