Growth of the retina and tectum: Implications for the retinotectal map

Abstract Fish and frogs add new neurons to retina and tectum while it is functioning and do so in geometrically different patterns, which implies that there is ongoing natural plasticity. Retinal cells are added in an annulus, while tectal cells are added in a crescent, open at one end. This is fundamentally different than in reptiles, birds, and mammals, which generate all neurons before connecting them. This chapter reviews retinal and tectal growth, the hypothesis that synaptic connections shift to keep the visual map centered on tectum, and the evidence for and against this hypothesis. It also considers the need for behavioral adjustments to maintain accurate visual localization as the animals grow, a form of visuomotor plasticity. Individual retinal ganglion cells and tectal cells have changing receptive fields that look out onto progressively different parts of visual space, necessitating not only changing retinotectal connections, but also tectal connections with the motor centers.

• Publication year

  2020

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• Fields of study

  Biology

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  DOI 10.1016/b978-0-12-818579-7.00005-5
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