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Aquaporins: Gatekeepers in the borders of oxidative stress and redox signaling

Iria Medraño-Fernandez,R. Sitia

Published 2020 in Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT

Abstract Life entails an unpredictable succession of physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological challenges, which perturb homeostasis and may cause damage. Hence, from the simplest unicellular beings to complex mammals, the capacity to promptly respond to different stresses is a fundamental pillar of life and one of the strongest elements in driving evolution. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are archetypes of the friend/foe, eustress/caco stress paradigm nicely introduced by Helmut Sies, the editor of this book. This chapter deals with H2O2, the most important ROS in human pathobiology. Capable of tuning the intensity and duration of tyrosine kinase signaling circuits, H2O2 is an essential second messenger in physiological conditions. At the same time, it becomes toxic for cells when at high concentrations. Its transport across membranes and diffusion must be therefore precisely regulated. Here, we summarize recent findings that highlight how cells manage to target a most reactive species across membranes and within molecularly crowded compartments and tune its activity to integrate different stress circuits and optimize adaptive responses.

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