Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host; 2n = 4x = 28, CCDD) is a tetraploid remote relative of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L; 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) with two genomes and 28 chromosomes. The diversity center of this species is in the Fertile Crescent and in central Asia and could also be found in many places in Iran. In this experiment, 359 accessions provided by National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (NPGBI) were used. Based on the geographical distribution, the highest distribution of A. cylindrica is found in North, West and North-West regions of Iran. The data on the distribution of A. cylindrica showed that its distribution centers in Iran are more than those reported in the previous studies. Chromosome counting showed that all A. cylindrica accessions are tetraploid (2n=4x=28). Results of factor analysis for nine morphological chromosome traits showed that karyotypic variation within accessions are related to the length of chromosomes and there is difference between the accessions for their total chromosome length, but the karyotype of different accessions are almost the same for the symmetry. Low coefficient of variation in morphological traits as well as symmetric karyotypes of A. cylindrica species observed in this study could lead us to predict that A. cylindrica could be a recently evolved species among the remote relatives of bread wheat. Introduction Jointed goatgrass, originated from two species, is native to the Mediterranean, Middle East, Asia, and was also introduced to the Great Plains and the Pacific northwest of the United States (Kimber and Feldman, 1987; van Slageren, 1994). It is a winter annual grass weed that infests over three million ha of winter wheat in the Pacific Northwest and Great Plains regions of the USA (Dewey, 1996). It reduces winter wheat yields by interference and lowers harvested grain quality. Average yield loss due to Aegilops cylindrica infestations has been estimated to be 25% (Anderson, 1993; Donald and Ogg Jr, 1991). It has also been estimated that the economic cost of A. cylindrica to winter wheat producers in the western United States is $145 million annually (Ogg, 1993). Jointed goat grass and winter wheat are closely related. Therefore, the development of selective herbicides to control this weed in winter wheat has been problematic. A. cylindrica is a bushy type plant with 20-40 cm long culms. It is characterized by narrow, 4-5 cm long, and glabrous to sparsely hairy leaves, a narrow, lanceolate and 6-9 cm long spike, almost ended with two incomplete spikelets. Each spike consists of 6-11 spikelets and breaks off Corresponding author: behnam.bakhshi@gmail.com, b.bakhshi@areeo.ac.ir Vegetable Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. 3Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
Distribution and characterization of Aegilops cylindrica host from Iran
Behnam Bakhshi,M. Aghaei,E. Zarifi,M. Bihamta,E. M. Fard,M. Rad
Published 2019 in Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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2019
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Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy
- Publication date
2019-12-23
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Agricultural and Food Sciences, Biology
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