Metacommunity-scale biodiversity regulation and the self-organized 1 emergence of macroecological patterns 2 Running Title : Metacommunity-scale biodiversity regulation

18 There exist a number of key macroecological patterns whose ubiquity suggests the spatio-temporal structure 19 of ecological communities is governed by some universal mechanisms. The nature of these mechanisms, however, 20 remains poorly understood. Here we probe spatio-temporal patterns in species richness and community composition 21 using a simple metacommunity assembly model. Despite making no a priori assumptions regarding biotic spatial 22 structure or the distribution of biomass across species, model metacommunities self-organize to reproduce well 23 documented patterns including characteristic species abundance distributions, range size distributions and species 24 area relations. Also in agreement with observations, species richness in our model attains an equilibrium despite 25 continuous species turnover. Crucially, it is in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium that we observe the emergence of 26 these key macroecological patterns. Biodiversity equilibria in models occur due to the onset of ecological structural 27 instability, a population-dynamical mechanism. This strongly suggests a causal link between local community 28 processes and macroecological phenomena. 29

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