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A multifaceted biomimetic interface to improve the longevity of orthopedic implants.

M. Croes,B. Akhavan,O. Sharifahmadian,Haiyang Fan,R. Mertens,R. Tan,Aliza Chunara,Arifah A. Fadzil,S. Wise,M. Kruyt,Sebastiaan P. J. Wijdicks,W. Hennink,M. Bilek,S. Amin Yavari

Published 2020 in Acta Biomaterialia

ABSTRACT

The rise of additive manufacturing has provided a paradigm shift in the fabrication of precise, patient-specific implants that replicate the physical properties of native bone. However, eliciting an optimal biological response from such materials for rapid bone integration remains a challenge. Here we propose for the first time a one-step ion-assisted plasma polymerization process to create bio-functional 3D printed titanium (Ti) implants that offer rapid bone integration. Using selective laser melting, porous Ti scaffolds with enhanced bone-mimicking mechanical properties were fabricated. The scaffolds were functionalized uniformly with a highly reactive, radical-rich polymeric coating generated using a unique combination of plasma polymerization and plasma immersion ion implantation. We demonstrated the performance of such activated Ti scaffolds with a focus on the coating's homogeneity, stability, and biological functionality. It was shown that the optimized coating was highly robust and possessed superb physico-chemical stability in a corrosive physiological solution. The plasma activated coating was cytocompatible and non-immunogenic; and through its high reactivity, it allowed for easy, one-step covalent immobilization of functional biomolecules in the absence of solvents or chemicals. The activated Ti scaffolds bio-functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) showed a reduced protein desorption and a more sustained osteoblast response both in vitro and in vivo compared to scaffolds modified through conventional physisorption of BMP-2. The versatile new approach presented here will enable the development of bio-functionalized additively manufactured implants that are patient-specific and offer improved integration with host tissue.

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