Identification of the MAPK Cascade and its Relationship with Nitrogen Metabolism in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) form part of a signaling cascade through phosphorylation reactions conserved in all eukaryotic organisms. The MAPK cascades are mainly composed by three proteins, MAPKKKs, MAPKKs and MAPKs. Some signals induce MAPKKK-mediated phosphorylation and activation of MAPKK that phosphorylate and activate MAPK. Afterward, MAPKs can act either in the cytoplasm or be imported into the nucleus to activate other proteins or transcription factors. In the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the pathway for nitrogen (N) assimilation is well characterized, yet its regulation still has many unknown features. Nitric oxide (NO) is a fundamental signal molecule for N regulation, where nitrate reductase (NR) plays a central role in its synthesis. The MAPK cascades could be regulating N assimilation, since it has been described that the phosphorylation of NR by MAPK6 promotes NO production in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have identified the proteins involved in the MAPK cascades in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, finding 17 MAPKs, 2 MAPKKs and 108 MAPKKKs (11 MEKK-, 94 RAF- and 3 ZIK-type) that have been structurally and phylogenetically characterized. The genetic expressions of MAPKs and the MAPKK were slightly regulated by N. However, the genetic expressions of MAPKKKs RAF14 and RAF79 showed a very strong repression by ammonium, which suggests that they may have a key role in the regulation of N assimilation, encouraging to further analyze in detail the role of MAPK cascades in the regulation of N metabolism.

• Publication year

  2020

• Venue

  International Journal of Molecular Sciences

• Publication date

  2020-05-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Chemistry, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/ijms21103417PMID 32408549PMCID 7279229
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• The Nitrogen Cycle

  2020cited by this paper
• Early Evolution of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Family in the Plant Kingdom

  2019cited by this paper
• Identification and Characterization of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Genes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

  2019cited by this paper
• A genome-wide algal mutant library and functional screen identifies genes required for eukaryotic photosynthesis

  2019cited by this paper
• MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms.

  2018cited by this paper
• Nitric Oxide Remodels the Photosynthetic Apparatus upon S-Starvation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii1

  2018cited by this paper
• Cell and Developmental Biology of Plant Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases.

  2018cited by this paper
• Genome-wide Identification of Jatropha curcas MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK Gene Families and Their Expression Profile Under Cold Stress

  2018influential reference
• Nuclear Signaling of Plant MAPKs

  2018cited by this paper
• From molecular manipulation of domesticated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to survival in nature

  2018cited by this paper
• Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Plant Hormone Signaling

  2018influential reference
• MAPK/ERK and JNK pathways regulate lipid synthesis and cell growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under osmotic stress, respectively

  2018cited by this paper
• Mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 are required for stem cell maintenance in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem

  2018cited by this paper
• Quantitative in vivo phosphoproteomics reveals reversible signaling processes during nitrogen starvation and recovery in the biofuel model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  2017cited by this paper
• Review: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in nutritional signaling in Arabidopsis.

  2017cited by this paper
• Probing the Global Kinome and Phosphoproteome in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via Sequential Enrichment and Quantitative Proteomics

  2017cited by this paper
• Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of MAPK and MAPKK Gene Families in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  2017cited by this paper
• CrMAPK3 regulates the expression of iron-deficiency-responsive genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  2017cited by this paper
• Nitrate Reductase Regulates Plant Nitric Oxide Homeostasis.

  2017cited by this paper
• Understanding nitrate uptake, signaling and remobilisation for improving plant nitrogen use efficiency.

  2017cited by this paper
• A dual system formed by the ARC and NR molybdoenzymes mediates nitrite-dependent NO production in Chlamydomonas.

  2016cited by this paper
• Interactions between nitrate and ammonium in their uptake, allocation, assimilation, and signaling in plants.

  2016cited by this paper
• Convergence of Multiple MAP3Ks on MKK3 Identifies a Set of Novel Stress MAPK Modules

  2016cited by this paper
• The role of nitric oxide signalling in response to salt stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  2016cited by this paper
• The nitrogen cycle.

  2016cited by this paper
• Identification of new members of the MAPK gene family in plants shows diverse conserved domains and novel activation loop variants

  2015influential reference
• Understanding nitrate assimilation and its regulation in microalgae

  2015cited by this paper
• High-Resolution Profiling of a Synchronized Diurnal Transcriptome from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Reveals Continuous Cell and Metabolic Differentiation[OPEN]

  2015cited by this paper
• Activation of AtMPK9 through autophosphorylation that makes it independent of the canonical MAPK cascades.

  2015cited by this paper
• Genome-wide exploration of the molecular evolution and regulatory network of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades upon multiple stresses in Brachypodium distachyon

  2015cited by this paper
• Transcriptional program for nitrogen starvation-induced lipid accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  2015cited by this paper
• Plant nitrogen assimilation and its regulation: a complex puzzle with missing pieces.

  2015cited by this paper
• Chemical Genetics Approach Reveals Importance of cAMP and MAP Kinase Signaling to Lipid and Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Microalgae.

  2015cited by this paper
• Nitric oxide: a multitasked signaling gas in plants.

  2015cited by this paper
• Nitric Oxide–Triggered Remodeling of Chloroplast Bioenergetics and Thylakoid Proteins upon Nitrogen Starvation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[W]

  2014cited by this paper
• Tiered Regulation of Sulfur Deprivation Responses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Identification of an Associated Regulatory Factor1[C][W]

  2013cited by this paper
• Nuclear retention of the transcription factor NLP7 orchestrates the early response to nitrate in plants

  2013cited by this paper
• Hypoxic survival requires a 2-on-2 hemoglobin in a process involving nitric oxide

  2013cited by this paper
• Glutamate signalling via a MEKK1 kinase-dependent pathway induces changes in Arabidopsis root architecture

  2013cited by this paper
• Mastoparan-induced programmed cell death in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

  2013cited by this paper
• Uptake, allocation and signaling of nitrate.

  2012cited by this paper
• Exploring the evolutionary path of plant MAPK networks.

  2012influential reference
• The emerging roles of nitric oxide (NO) in plant mitochondria.

  2011cited by this paper
• Phosphorylation by MPK6

  2011cited by this paper
• Microtubules and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling.

  2011cited by this paper
• Molecular Mechanism of 14-3-3 Protein-mediated Inhibition of Plant Nitrate Reductase*

  2011cited by this paper
• A Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Mediates Negative Signaling by Ammonium on Expression of Nitrate Reductase in Chlamydomonas[W]

  2010cited by this paper
• Hydrogen Peroxide–Mediated Activation of MAP Kinase 6 Modulates Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis and Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis[w]

  2010cited by this paper
• Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in plants.

  2010cited by this paper
• CHL1 functions as a nitrate sensor in plants.

  2009cited by this paper
• MAPK target networks in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed using functional protein microarrays.

  2009cited by this paper
• Protein-pigments and the photosystem II reaction center: a glimpse into the history of research and reminiscences

  2008cited by this paper
• QuantPrime – a flexible tool for reliable high-throughput primer design for quantitative PCR

  2008cited by this paper
• Nitrogen Nutrition Special Issue doi:10.1093/jxb/erm106 Advance Access publication 19 June, 2007 SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER Inorganic nitrogen assimilation in Chlamydomonas

  2007cited by this paper
• Photosynthetic H2 metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (unicellular green algae)

  2007cited by this paper
• Nitrate Signaling by the Regulatory Gene NIT2 in Chlamydomonas[W]

  2007cited by this paper
• The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions

  2007cited by this paper
• Ancient signals: comparative genomics of plant MAPK and MAPKK gene families.

  2006cited by this paper
• Ammonium transporter genes in Chlamydomonas: the nitrate-specific regulatory gene Nit2 is involved in Amt1;1 expression

  2004cited by this paper
• CHLAMYDOMONAS AS A MODEL ORGANISM.

  2003cited by this paper
• Nitric oxide production mediated by nitrate reductase in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: an alternative NO production pathway in photosynthetic organisms.

  2002cited by this paper
• Regulation of nitric oxide (NO) production by plant nitrate reductase in vivo and in vitro.

  2002cited by this paper
• MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity

  2002cited by this paper
• Complexity, cross talk and integration of plant MAP kinase signalling.

  2002influential reference
• Dual specificity phosphatases: a gene family for control of MAP kinase function

  2000cited by this paper
• The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Nar1 Gene Encodes a Chloroplast Membrane Protein Involved in Nitrite Transport

  2000cited by this paper
• Improving nutrient capture from soil by the genetic manipulation of crop plants

  1999cited by this paper
• The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences

  1992cited by this paper
• The Fringe of the Ocean--Under Siege from Land: The ecology of the ocean margins, crucial to human life, is being disrupted by our activities--and perhaps by global change.

  1990cited by this paper
• Functional domains of assimilatory nitrate reductases and nitrite reductases.

  1990cited by this paper
• The Conversion of Nitrite to Nitrogen Oxide(s) by the Constitutive NAD(P)H-Nitrate Reductase Enzyme from Soybean.

  1988cited by this paper
• CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP

  1985cited by this paper
• mRNA abundance changes during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  1984cited by this paper
• Molecules as documents of evolutionary history.

  1965cited by this paper
• The genetics and cytology of Chlamydomonas.

  1960cited by this paper
• COPPER ENZYMES IN ISOLATED CHLOROPLASTS. POLYPHENOLOXIDASE IN BETA VULGARIS.

  1949cited by this paper

• Dormancy Versus Germination: 3D Protein Modeling and Evolutionary Analyses Define the Roles of Genetic Variants in the Barley MKK3 Enzyme

  2026cites this paper
• Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms Mediate Plant Metabolic Reprogramming to Manage the Rhizospheric Microbiome

  2026cites this paper
• Methylome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differences in Callus Development and Plantlet Regeneration Capacity Between Two Eucalyptus Species

  2026cites this paper
• Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the mechanisms of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) adaptation to paddy-upland rotation systems

  2026cites this paper
• Short-Term Fertilization with the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium (NFB) Kosakonia radicincitans GXGL-4A Agent Can Modify the Transcriptome Expression Profiling of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Root

  2025cites this paper
• Identifying toxicity and tolerance mechanisms of Chlorella sp. exposure to phenol through growth inhibition and comparative transcriptomic analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of Short-Term Responses of Populus talassica × Populus euphratica to Leaf Damage

  2025cites this paper
• Insight into the Functional Role of SiMPK6 in Stress Response and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Setaria italica

  2025cites this paper
• StMAPKK1 Enhances Thermotolerance in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Enhancing Antioxidant Defense and Photosynthetic Efficiency Under Heat Stress

  2025cites this paper
• The integrated analysis of physiology and transcriptomes provide insights into the short- and long-term salinity adaptation of the diatom (Thalassiosira profunda)

  2025cites this paper
• Modulation of Root Nitrogen Uptake Mechanisms Mediated by Beneficial Soil Microorganisms

  2025cites this paper
• Correlative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of the Maize Shoot Response to Salt Stress

  2025cites this paper
• Genome-Wide Analysis of Ammonium Transporter Genes in Flowering Chinese Cabbage and Functional Insights into BcAMT1.1 Under Low-Nitrogen Conditions

  2025cites this paper
• Stabilization of the MAPK–Epigenetic Signaling Axis Underlies the Protective Effect of Thyme Oil Against Cadmium Stress in Root Meristem Cells of Vicia faba

  2025cites this paper
• NgLst8 Coactivates TOR Signaling to Activate Photosynthetic Growth in Nannochloropsis gaditana

  2024cites this paper
• Bioinformatic Identification and Expression Analyses of the MAPK–MAP4K Gene Family Reveal a Putative Functional MAP4K10-MAP3K7/8-MAP2K1/11-MAPK3/6 Cascade in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  2024cites this paper
• Multi-omics analysis of green lineage osmotic stress pathways unveils crucial roles of different cellular compartments

  2024cites this paper
• Genome-Wide Identification of MKK Gene Family and Response to Hormone and Abiotic Stress in Rice

  2024cites this paper
• Peroxiredoxin 1 alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation injury in N2a cells via suppressing the JNK/caspase-3 pathway

  2023cites this paper
• Nitrate reductase enzymes in alga Chattonella subsalsa are regulated by environmental cues at the translational and post-translational levels

  2023cites this paper
• Molecular Network for Regulation of Seed Size in Plants

  2023cites this paper
• Molecular Response of Ulva prolifera to Short-Term High Light Stress Revealed by a Multi-Omics Approach

  2022cites this paper
• The Genome of the Marine Alga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta) Reveals Protein-Coding Genes with Similarity to Plants and Green Microalgae, but Also to Animal, Bacterial, and Fungal Genes

  2022cites this paper
• The involvement of gaseous signaling molecules in plant MAPK cascades: function and signal transduction

  2021cites this paper
• Rapid Generation and Analysis of a Barley Doubled Haploid Line with Higher Nitrogen Use Efficiency Than Parental Lines by F1 Microspore Embryogenesis

  2021cites this paper
• A complex metabolic rearrangement towards the accumulation of glycerol and sugars consequence of a proteome remodeling is required for the survival of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growing under osmotic stress

  2020cites this paper
• The Role of Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Chemoresistance: Friend or Foe?

  2020cites this paper