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Gallic acid protects from acute multiorgan injury induced by lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine.

Samrat Rakshit,S. Nirala,Monika Bhadauria

Published 2020 in Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Secondary metabolites of plants, the poly phenols, play vital role in protection from many health problems in human beings. Structurally favored phytochemicals may be studied to protect multi organ injury. At pharmacological doses, gallic acid is nontoxic to mammals and is generally absorbed in the intestine. AIMS In this present study, gallic acid was evaluated for its protective efficacy against lipo polysaccharide (LPS) and dgalactosamine (D-GalN) induced multiorgan injury, i.e., liver, kidney and brain. METHODS Three different doses of gallic acid (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) were administered to the experimental animals for 6 consecutive days followed by exposure to LPS (50 µg/kg I.P.) and D-GalN (300 mg/kg I.P.) on 6th day. RESULTS Exposure to LPS and D-GalN resulted in increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Altered hematology and serology due to LPS and D-GalN were restored towards control by gallic acid. Declined antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase due to injurious effects of LPS and D-GalN were rejuvenated by gallic acid. Exposure to LPS and D-GalN severely increased lipid peroxidation, CYP2E1 activity and tissue lipids while lowered protein content. Gallic acid restored all these parameters towards control in dose dependent manner and 20 mg/kg dose provided the best protection. Histological study showed improved histoarchitecture of liver, kidney and brain that supported biochemical endpoints. CONCLUSION Gallic acid minimized oxidative stress and provided best protection at 20 mg/kg dose against LPS and D-GalN induced multi organ acute injury.

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