Abstract Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential cellular organelle known for secretory functions, including protein production and maturation. However, recent advances suggest that ER has a significant role in metabolic functions. When the ER homeostasis is altered due to stressful conditions, it generates coping signaling pathways identified as unfolded protein response (UPR). When this stress persists, ER then initiates cell apoptosis, leading to other pathological conditions such as insulin resistance, macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes, and diabetes mellitus. These consequential vasculopathy impose a significant burden on the management of diabetes. The ER stress plays a primary role in the development and progression of diabetes through multiple signaling pathways that cause the initiation of insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced oxidative stress. The mechanism of ER stress shows that the phosphorylation of either IRE-1α or PERK leads to downstream signaling pathways that activate Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) causing stimulation of inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance. In addition, leakage of Ca2+ via the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) into the mitochondria enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and subsequently the ER stress. Indeed, a comprehensive understanding of ER stress mechanisms and the signaling pathways will assist in understanding potential target for novel therapeutic approaches in the management of diabetes and other related diseases. The current article detailed the possible involvement of ER stress in diabetes associated vasculopathy.
Potential risks of endoplasmic reticulum stress on vasculopathy in diabetes
Sagir Mustapha,M. Mohammed,Ismaeel Yunusa,Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool,S. Mokhtar
Published 2020 in Obesity Medicine
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- Publication year
2020
- Venue
Obesity Medicine
- Publication date
2020-08-09
- Fields of study
Medicine
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