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State of the State Tree: Historical and Modern Ecology of Kukui (Candlenut, Aleurites Moluccanus) in Hawai‘i

N. Lincoln,Qian Zhang,Qi Chen

Published 2021 in Pacific Science

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Kukui was an important element to indigenous Hawaiian agroforestry and retained some of its importance throughout Hawai‘i's history. We examine the historical ecology and trends of kukui, including a review of the ethnobotany. We use current and historical remote imagery to map kukui canopy on the five largest Hawaiian Islands. Kukui is still widespread through the state, being a significant component in many novel low-land forests. However, kukui is declining, having lost an average of ∼58% of total canopy cover over the last 70 years. Spatial trends suggest that kukui likely did not spread much following the large-scale shifts in Hawaiian socio-ecosystems that accompanied the arrival of colonial powers. We suggest that the footprint of kukui in Hawai‘i closely approximates the extent of indigenous agroforestry and forest alteration.

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