Integrating Highly Porous and Flexible Au Hydrogels with Soft-MEMS Technologies for High-Performance Wearable Biosensing.

Wearable biosensors for real-time and non-invasive detection of biomarkers are of importance in early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Herein, a high-performance wearable biosensing platform was proposed by combining a three-dimensional hierarchical porous Au hydrogel-enzyme electrode with high biocompatibility, activity, and flexibility and soft-MEMS technologies with high precision and capability of mass production. Using glucose oxidase as the model enzyme, the glucose sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 10.51 μA mM-1 cm-2, a long durability over 15 days, and a good selectivity. Under the mechanical deformation (0 to 90°), it is able to maintain an almost constant performance with a low deviation of <1.84%. With the assistance of a wireless or a Bluetooth module, this wearable sensing platform achieves real-time and non-invasive glucose monitoring on human skins. Similarly, continuous lactic acid monitoring was also realized with lactate oxidase immobilized on the same sensing platform, further verifying the universality of this sensing platform. Therefore, our work holds promise to provide a universal, high-performance wearable biosensing platform for various biomarkers in sweat and reliable diagnostic information for health management.

• Publication year

  2021

• Venue

  Analytical Chemistry

• Publication date

  2021-10-12

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Materials Science, Engineering

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01581PMID 34636245
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• A Roadmap for 3D Metal Aerogels: Materials Design and Application Attempts

  2021cited by this paper
• Monolithic Nanoporous Gold Foams with Catalytic Activity for Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Carbon Nanostructures.

  2020cited by this paper
• Precise Molecular-level Modification of Nafion with Bismuth Oxide Clusters for High-performance Proton Exchange Membranes.

  2020cited by this paper
• Wearable and Biodegradable Sensors for Human Health Monitoring.

  2020cited by this paper
• Electrochemically Probing Dynamics of Ascorbate during Cytotoxic Edema in Living Rat Brain.

  2020cited by this paper
• Carbon/Sulfur Aerogel with Adequate Mesoporous Channels as Robust Polysulfide Confinement Matrix for Highly Stable Lithium-Sulfur Battery.

  2020cited by this paper
• A flexible and physically transient electrochemical sensor for real-time wireless nitric oxide monitoring

  2020cited by this paper
• Continuous Opioid Monitoring along with Nerve Agents on a Wearable Microneedle Sensor Array.

  2020cited by this paper
• Freeze–Thaw‐Promoted Fabrication of Clean and Hierarchically Structured Noble‐Metal Aerogels for Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis

  2020cited by this paper
• Enhanced Stability of Enzyme Immobilized in Rationally Designed Amphiphilic Aerogel and Its Application for Sensitive Glucose Detection.

  2020cited by this paper
• Promoting the Electrocatalytic Performance of Noble Metal Aerogels by Ligand‐Directed Modulation

  2020cited by this paper
• Wearable biochemical sensors for human health monitoring: sensing materials and manufacturing technologies.

  2020cited by this paper
• Versatile Aerogels for Sensors.

  2019cited by this paper
• Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review.

  2019cited by this paper
• Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring

  2019cited by this paper
• Noninvasive Diabetes Monitoring through Continuous Analysis of Sweat Using Flow-Through Glucose Biosensor.

  2019cited by this paper
• A MXene-Based Wearable Biosensor System for High-Performance In Vitro Perspiration Analysis.

  2019cited by this paper
• Highly Stretchable and Strain-Insensitive Fiber-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensor to Monitor Glucose in the Sweat.

  2019cited by this paper
• A Megatrend Challenging Analytical Chemistry: Biosensor and Chemosensor Concepts Ready for the Internet of Things.

  2019cited by this paper
• Hydrogel-Templated Transfer-Printing of Conductive Nanonetworks for Wearable Sensors on Topographic Flexible Substrates.

  2019cited by this paper
• Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment

  2019cited by this paper
• Moisture-driven Power Generation for Multifunctional Flexible Sensing System.

  2019cited by this paper
• A Wearable Sweat Band for Noninvasive Levodopa Monitoring.

  2019cited by this paper
• Disruptive, Soft, Wearable Sensors

  2019cited by this paper
• Emerging Hierarchical Aerogels: Self‐Assembly of Metal and Semiconductor Nanocrystals

  2018cited by this paper
• A wearable electrochemical glucose sensor based on simple and low-cost fabrication supported micro-patterned reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite electrode on flexible substrate.

  2018cited by this paper
• A wearable pH sensor with high sensitivity based on a flexible charge-coupled device

  2018cited by this paper
• Wearable sweat sensors

  2018cited by this paper
• Lab-on-Skin: A Review of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring.

  2017cited by this paper
• Modern Inorganic Aerogels.

  2017cited by this paper
• Enzymatic Biofuel Cells on Porous Nanostructures.

  2016cited by this paper
• Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis

  2016cited by this paper
• Gold Aerogels: Three-Dimensional Assembly of Nanoparticles and Their Use as Electrocatalytic Interfaces

  2016cited by this paper
• A wearable chemical–electrophysiological hybrid biosensing system for real-time health and fitness monitoring

  2016cited by this paper
• A graphene-based electrochemical device with thermoresponsive microneedles for diabetes monitoring and therapy.

  2016cited by this paper
• Engineering Ordered and Nonordered Porous Noble Metal Nanostructures: Synthesis, Assembly, and Their Applications in Electrochemistry.

  2015cited by this paper
• Tattoo-based noninvasive glucose monitoring: a proof-of-concept study.

  2015cited by this paper
• Controlling the growth of palladium aerogels with high-performance toward bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose.

  2014cited by this paper
• Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanostructures

  2014cited by this paper
• Enzyme-encapsulating quantum dot hydrogels and xerogels as biosensors: multifunctional platforms for both biocatalysis and fluorescent probing.

  2013cited by this paper
• Exploration of two-enzyme coupled catalysis system using scanning electrochemical microscopy.

  2012cited by this paper

• Functional design of metal aerogels for wearable electrochemical biosensing devices.

  2025cites this paper
• Recent progress in stimulus-responsive hydrogel-based sensors for inflammation-associated diagnosis and surveillance

  2025cites this paper
• Hydrogels for emerging wearable sweat monitoring devices

  2025cites this paper
• A flexible electrochemical biosensor based on virus-templated gold nanowires for sweat glucose monitoring.

  2025cites this paper
• Microdimension Engineering: Ice‐Tailored Metal Aerogels for Versatile Applications

  2025cites this paper
• The Role of Nanomaterials in the Wearable Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors for Diabetes Management

  2025influential citation
• Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for Real-Time Sweat Monitoring Powered by Li-S Battery:Rapid Ion-Electron Transduction Driven by High-Entropy Prussian Blue Analogues

  2025cites this paper
• Advances in Hydrogel‐Based Electronic Skins: From Material Design to Multifunctional Applications

  2025cites this paper
• Wearable Microneedle Patch Integrated with Metal Hydrogel‐Based Signal Probe for Dermal Interstitial Fluid Protein Biomarkers Monitoring

  2025cites this paper
• Conducting paper based sensor for uric acid detection in sweat

  2025cites this paper
• Porous Material-Based Electronic Noses for the Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds.

  2025cites this paper
• Recent advances in gold nanostructure-based biosensors in detecting diabetes biomarkers

  2024cites this paper
• Shock-resistant wearable pH sensor based on tungsten oxide aerogel

  2024cites this paper
• Wearable Sensors Deriving from Cationic-induced 2D-2D Co-assembled Films for Nutrient Monitoring

  2024cites this paper
• Challenges and Advances of Hydrogel-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Biofluids: From Lab to Market. A Review.

  2024cites this paper
• AuNi bimetallic aerogel with ultra-high stability applied in smart and portable biosensing.

  2024cites this paper
• Electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane membrane decorated with carbon nanotubes: A platform of flexible strain sensors for human motion monitoring

  2024cites this paper
• Advances in electrochemical sensors for real-time glucose monitoring

  2024cites this paper
• Innovative technologies for the fabrication of 3D/4D smart hydrogels and its biomedical applications - A comprehensive review.

  2024cites this paper
• Soft Actuators and Actuation: Design, Synthesis and Applications.

  2024cites this paper
• Wearable biosensors for human health: A bibliometric analysis from 2007 to 2022

  2024cites this paper
• Breathable Wearable Smartsensors Deriving from Interface Self-Assembled Film for Tracking l-Cysteine.

  2024cites this paper
• Design of Metal Aerogels‐Based 3D SERS Substrates by Gentle Compression

  2024cites this paper
• Portable visual and electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide release from living cells based on dual-functional Pt-Ni hydrogels

  2023cites this paper
• Nanocomposite Hydrogels Flexible Sensors with Functional Cellulose Nanocrystals for Monitoring Human Motion and Lactate in Sweat

  2023cites this paper
• Dual Structural Design of Platinum-Nickel Hydrogels for Wearable Glucose Biosensing with Ultrahigh Stability.

  2023cites this paper
• Nonenzymatic Sweat Wearable Uric Acid Sensor Based on N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide/Au Dual Aerogels.

  2023cites this paper
• An enzyme-free Ti3C2/Ni/Sm-LDH-based screen-printed-electrode for real-time sweat detection of glucose.

  2023cites this paper
• Paper-based microfluidics in sweat detection: from design to application.

  2023cites this paper
• Controllable assembly of three-dimensional porous graphene-Au dual aerogels and its application for high-efficient bioelectrocatalytic O2 reduction.

  2023cites this paper
• Pt/MXene-Based Flexible Wearable Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor for Continuous Glucose Detection in Sweat.

  2023cites this paper
• Rh single-atom nanozymes for efficient ascorbic acid oxidation and detection.

  2023cites this paper
• Carbon Dot-Doped Hydrogel Sensor Array for Multiplexed Colorimetric Detection of Wound Healing.

  2023cites this paper
• Fibers/Textiles-Based Flexible Sweat Sensors: A Review

  2023cites this paper
• Wearable non-invasive glucose sensors based on metallic nanomaterials

  2023cites this paper
• Leveraging Ligand and Composition Effects: Morphology-Tailorable Pt-Bi Bimetallic Aerogels for Enhanced (Photo-)Electrocatalysis.

  2023cites this paper
• Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior

  2023cites this paper
• Electrochemical Microfluidic Multiplexed Bioanalysis by a Highly Active Bottlebrush-like Nanocarbon Microelectrode.

  2022cites this paper
• Emerging advancements in xerogel polymeric bionanoarchitectures and applications

  2022cites this paper
• Recently emerging trends in xerogel polymeric nanoarchitectures and multifunctional applications

  2022cites this paper
• The development of wearable technologies and their potential for measuring nutrient intake: Towards precision nutrition.

  2022cites this paper
• A novel photoelectrochemical microfluidic chip for multi-index determination of diabetes and its complications.

  2022cites this paper
• A Portable Sweat Sensor Based on Carbon Quantum Dots for Multiplex Detection of Cardiovascular Health Biomarkers.

  2022cites this paper
• Recent Advances toward Wearable Sweat Monitoring Systems

  2022cites this paper
• Interfacially Locked Metal Aerogel Inside Porous Polymer Composite for Sensitive and Durable Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors

  2022cites this paper
• Ultrasmall Gold Nanoclusters-Enabled Fabrication of Ultrafine Gold Aerogels as Novel Self-Supported Nanozymes.

  2022cites this paper
• Glucose-to-Resistor Transduction Integrated into a Radio-Frequency Antenna for Chip-less and Battery-less Wireless Sensing

  2022cites this paper