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Static visual predator recognition in jumping spiders

Daniela C. Rößler,Massimo De Agrò,Kris Kim,P. Shamble

Published 2021 in Functional Ecology

ABSTRACT

1. Visually detecting, recognizing and responding appropriately to predators increases survival. Failure to detect a predator or long decision time carries high and potentially fatal costs. Consequently, many animals show general anti- predatory responses towards threatening stimuli, for example, looming objects. However, in the context of lurking or stalking predators, visual recognition is based on static visual cues, making this task computationally demanding. 2. Jumping spiders (Salticidae) have superb vision and are excellent predators but they can equally fall prey to other jumping spiders. In a hierarchical decision-making setup, we tested whether the common zebra jumping spider Salticus scenicus can visually recognize stationary predators. We measured the spiders’ behavioural responses towards predator (naturally co- occurring, non- co- occurring and artificial) and non- predator objects as well as towards objects with modified features. Our experiments show that salticids demonstrate a robust, fast and repeatable ‘freeze and retreat’

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