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How hazardous are tsunamis triggered by small-scale mass-wasting events on volcanic islands? New insights from Madeira – NE Atlantic

R. Omira,M. Baptista,R. Quartau,R. Ramalho,J. Kim,I. Ramalho,A. Rodrigues

Published 2022 in Earth and Planetary Science Letters

ABSTRACT

16 Mass-wasting events are a key process in the evolution of volcanic ocean islands. They 17 occur at various dimensional scales and present a major source of hazard. When the 18 collapsed material plunges into the sea, destructive tsunamis can be generated. Yet, the 19 hazard potential of collapse-induced tsunamis is still poorly understood with different 20 opinions on what consequences to expect from this type of events, particularly those 21 related to massive volcanic island flank collapses. In this paper, however, we explore the 22 hazard extent of tsunamis triggered by the smaller – but more frequent – coastal cliff-23 failures, in order to isolate critical factors in the generation, propagation and impact of 24 these tsunamis. To achieve this, we use the prime example of Madeira, a volcanic island 25 in the Atlantic Ocean highly vulnerable to cliff-failure. Particularly, we explore the March 26 4th,

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