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Predictors of Medication Adherence Among Adults With Hypertension in Ghana

D. Abeasi,Dominic Abugri,Prince Osei Akumiah

Published 2022 in Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care

ABSTRACT

Background: Uncontrolled or sub optimally treated high blood pressure may have negative consequences on the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or renal systems. This may contribute to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The study assessed the sociodemographic predictors of medication adherence among adult patients with hypertension at the Hypertension Clinic of the Bawku Presbyterian Hospital in Ghana. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The study setting was the hypertension clinic of the Bawku Presbyterian hospital in the Upper East region of Ghana. A total of 269 adults with hypertension referring to the clinic were recruited using convenience sampling in 2020. The Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale was used to measure medication adherence whilst a researcher made questionnaire was used to gather data on demographic variables and contributory factors. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Regression analysis was done to identify predictors of medication adherence. ‘P’ value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for all analyses. Results: Majority of the patients scored high on imperfect adherence (59.5%) to antihypertensive medication. The predictors of medication adherence were income (p=0.003), duration of being on antihypertensive (p=0.021) and level of education (p=0.000). Among the perceived factors influencing medication adherence, the patients were more agree with forgetfulness (92.6%), and inadequate knowledge on antihypertensive (82.6%). Conclusions: It is recommended that the health care team, especially nurses, in the face of patients with hypertension, investigate the predictive and influencing factors found in this study and take appropriate measures to ensure that patients adhere to the drug.

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