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Medically Important Novel Biomarkers Therapy for Targeting the Cancerous and Tumor Cells in Combating the Infectious Diseases

Safdar Iqbal,A. Saad,A. Haleem,Z. Parveen,Imtiaz Hussain,M. K. Qamar,Muhammad Zahid

Published 2021 in Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology

ABSTRACT

Cancer biomarkers are the biological molecules produced by the body or tumor in a person with cancer. In order to place the functioning of biomarkers for clinical investigating, they are passed through different clinical trials in order to check their treatment rate as compared to the normal markers. Different genes are involved in causing the breast cancer and early diagnosis through biomarkers provides an effective way to control the mutations caused in cancerous tissues. Genetic biomarkers are those biological molecules that can detect the change in the DNA and RNA structures. HER2 somatic mutations lead to increase in progressions of cancer development non-small cell lung cancers as well as in breast cells. The most important biomarkers are ALF-alpha-fetoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene in the liver. Mutational defect in AFP gene leads to severe damage to liver. C-reactive protein (CRP) is the biomarker for inflammation in the body cells. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the biomarker used for detection of prostate cancer. Microsatellite instability analysis of a tumor which provides predictive and also prognostic information. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the important biomarker for the diagnosis of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease pathologies.

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