Biology of actinorhizal symbiosis from genomics to ecology: the 20th International Meeting on Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants

A nitrogen-fixing actinobacterial genus Frankia establishes symbiosis with actinorhizal plants that are comprised of more than 200 species in eight dicotyledonous families (Benson and Silvester 1993; Huss-Danell 1997; Kucho et al. 2010). The symbiosis takes place in nodules formed on roots. Inside the root nodules, Frankia reduces atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonium and supplies it to the host plants. Because of this ability, actinorhizal plants serve as key pioneer species that can colonize nitrogenpoor biotopes such as burned forest, landslide scar, sand dune, volcanic lava flow, etc. Frankia spp. are classified into several phylogenetic clusters, each of which infects different host plants (Nouioui et al. 2011). Cluster 1 Frankia infects plant species in Casuarinaceae, Myricaceae and the genus Alnus of Betulaceae. Cluster 2 infects plants in four families of the orders Rosales and Cucurbitales. Cluster 3 infects plants in several families of the orders Fagales and Rosales. Cluster 4 includes atypical strains that cannot infect plants or cannot fix nitrogen. Genome analyses of Frankia and actinorhizal plants have provided crucial insights into the molecular aspects of this plant-microbe symbiosis. In 2007, genome sequences of three Frankia strains belonging to clusters 1 and 3 were first reported (Normand et al. 2007). One of the interesting features of those genomes was that symbiosis-related genes of rhizobia required for establishing root-nodule symbiosis with leguminous plants were apparently not found in the Frankia strains. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of these two symbioses were thought to be different. On the other hand, genomes of the actinorhizal plants (Alnus glutinosa and Casuarina glauca) contained many of the symbiosis-related genes of leguminous plants (Hocher et al. 2011). Furthermore, homologues of rhizobia symbiosis-related genes were discovered in genomes of a few cluster 2 Frankia strains (Persson et al. 2015; Van et al. 2016, 2019). Based on these results, these two plant-microbe symbioses are now considered to share, at least partially, a common mechanism. Quick preview of special issue content

• Publication year

  2022

• Venue

  Journal of Forest Research

• Publication date

  2022-02-09

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1080/13416979.2022.2036417
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

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  Semantic Scholar

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• No concepts are published for this paper.

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