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Insight into the Adolescent Patient Experience with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Sanita L. Ley,Katherine M. Kidwell,Tori R. Van Dyk,Sarah Orkin,C. Stough,Taylor Howarth,Amy R Goetz,S. Xanthakos,Kristin Bramlage,M. Mouzaki,Ana Catalina Arce-Clachar,M. Zeller

Published 2022 in Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease in youth, yet little is known about the adolescent patient's experience with NAFLD, which is key for treatment engagement. We examined adolescents' experiences with NAFLD diagnosis, thoughts on how NAFLD affects their daily life, understanding and perceptions of diagnosis and treatment, and impressions of how to improve care. METHODS Utilizing a mixed-method design, adolescents with NAFLD (N = 16; Meanage=15.8 years; MeanBMI=37 kg/m2) participated in focus groups. To supplement qualitative data, adolescents and their caregiver completed measures assessing illness perceptions, adolescent quality of life, and eating/activity behaviors. RESULTS Focus group themes suggested reactions to diagnosis varied from unconcerned to anxious. NAFLD diagnosis occurred within the context of other psychological/medical concerns and was not perceived to affect most adolescents' daily lives. While adolescents understood general contributors to NAFLD, comprehension of their diagnosis varied. Adolescents were more likely to make lifestyle changes when families were supportive, and they preferred tailored recommendations for health behavior change from the healthcare team. Notably, 62.5% of adolescents were more concerned about their weight than NAFLD. Almost half (43.8%) identified as food insecure. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with NAFLD may benefit from personalized treatment. Care could be enhanced by ensuring comprehension of diagnosis, problem-solving personal and family barriers and increasing family support. Harnessing adolescents' desire for weight loss may be a more salient driver for change in disease status. Interventions should also address systemic barriers such as food insecurity to ensure equitable care.

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