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Major Regional-Scale Production of O3 and Secondary Organic Aerosol in Remote Amazon Regions from the Dynamics and Photochemistry of Urban and Forest Emissions.

Janaína P. Nascimento,H. Barbosa,Alessandro L. Banducci,L. Rizzo,A. Vara-Vela,B. Meller,H. Gomes,André Cezar,M. A. Franco,M. Ponczek,S. Wolff,M. Bela,P. Artaxo

Published 2022 in Environmental Science and Technology

ABSTRACT

The Amazon rainforest suffers increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities. A key aspect not fully understood is how anthropogenic atmospheric emissions within the basin interact with biogenic emissions and impact the forest's atmosphere and biosphere. We combine a high-resolution atmospheric chemical transport model with an improved emissions inventory and in-situ measurements to investigate a surprisingly high concentration of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) 150-200 km downwind of Manaus city in an otherwise pristine forested region. We show that atmospheric dynamics and photochemistry determine a gross production of secondary pollutants seen in the simulation. After sunrise, the erosion of the nocturnal boundary layer mixes natural forest emissions, rich in biogenic volatile organic compounds, with a lofted pollution layer transported overnight, rich in nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde. As a result, O3 and SOA concentrations greater than ∼47 ppbv and 1.8 μg m-3, respectively, were found, with maximum concentrations occurring at 2 pm LT, 150-200 km downwind of Manaus city. These high concentrations affect a large primary forested area of about 11,250 km2. These oxidative areas are under a NOx-limited regime so that changes in NOx emissions from Manaus have a significant impact on O3 and SOA production.

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