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Metabolite signature and differential expression of genes in Washington Navel oranges (Citrus sinesis Osbeck) infected by Spiroplasma citri.

Christopher J McNeil,Karla J Araujo,K. Godfrey,C. Slupsky

Published 2022 in Phytopathology

ABSTRACT

Spiroplasma citri (S. citri) is the pathogen that causes citrus stubborn disease (CSD). Infection of citrus with S. citri has been shown to cause leaf mottling, reduce fruit yield, and stunt tree growth. Fruit from trees exhibiting symptoms of CSD are misshapen and discolored. The symptoms of CSD are easily confused with nutrient deficiencies or symptoms of citrus greening disease. In this study, young Washington navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) were graft inoculated with budwood originating from trees confirmed infected with S. citri. Leaf samples were collected monthly for 10 months for metabolomics and differential gene expression analyses. Significant differences in the concentration of metabolites and expressed genes were observed between control and S. citri infected trees throughout the experiment. Metabolites and genes associated with important defense and stress pathways including jasmonic acid signaling, cell wall modification, amino acid biosynthesis, and the production of antioxidant and antimicrobial secondary metabolites were impacted by S. citri throughout the study, and even prior to symptom development. This work fills in a current gap in knowledge surrounding the pathogenicity of S. citri and provides a mechanistic explanation for the development of CSD symptoms in S. citri- infected plants.

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