Non-invasive monitoring of interstitial fluid lactate through an epidermal iontophoretic device.

The development of a non-invasive sensing technology that allows collection of interstitial fluid (ISF) (Reviewer 1 Comment #1) lactate and its subsequent analysis without exertion requirement, could enable lactate monitoring from rested individuals. Here, we describe a wearable, soft epidermal adhesive patch that integrates a reverse iontophoretic (RI) (Reviewer 1 Comment #1) system, and an amperometric lactate biosensor placed on the anodic electrode with a porous hydrogel reservoir, for simultaneous ISF lactate extraction and quantification via electrochemical sensing, respectively. The iontophoretic system includes agarose hydrogels for preventing skin electrocution, while a porous polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrogel facilitates the effective transport of lactate from skin to the biosensor. The flexible skin-worn device tested on healthy individuals at rest showed rapid lactate collection from the ISF after 10 min of reverse iontophoresis with no evidence of discomfort or irritation to the skin. Detailed characterization of the enzymatic biosensor before and during on-body trials along with relevant control experiments confirmed the efficient extraction and selective detection of ISF lactate. Such an epidermal technology represents the first demonstration of an all-in-one platform that integrates non-invasive collection and subsequent analysis of lactate from iontophoretically extracted ISF toward point-of-care operation.

• Publication year

  2022

• Venue

  Talanta: The International Journal of Pure and Applied Analytical Chemistry

• Publication date

  2022-11-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Engineering

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124122PMID 36459870
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Influence of enzyme immobilization and skin-sensor interface on non-invasive glucose determination from interstitial fluid obtained by magnetohydrodynamic extraction.

  2022cited by this paper
• A stretchable epidermal sweat sensing platform with an integrated printed battery and electrochromic display

  2022cited by this paper
• Chemical Sensors: Wearable Sensors

  2022cited by this paper
• A Bifunctional Fully Integrated Wearable Tracker for Epidermal Sweat and Wound Exudate Multiple Biomarkers Monitoring.

  2022cited by this paper
• Wireless Wearable Electrochemical Sensing Platform with Zero-Power Osmotic Sweat Extraction for Continuous Lactate Monitoring.

  2022cited by this paper
• An integrated wearable microneedle array for the continuous monitoring of multiple biomarkers in interstitial fluid

  2022cited by this paper
• Wearable Osmotic-Capillary Patch for Prolonged Sweat Harvesting and Sensing.

  2021cited by this paper
• Mechanical characterization of agarose hydrogels and their inherent dynamic instabilities at ballistic to ultra-high strain-rates via inertial microcavitation

  2021cited by this paper
• Osmotically Enabled Wearable Patch for Sweat Harvesting and Lactate Quantification

  2021cited by this paper
• Extended Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring in the Interstitial Fluid Using an Epidermal Biosensing Patch.

  2021influential reference
• Non-invasive Sweat-based Tracking of L-Dopa Pharmacokinetic Profiles Following an Oral Tablet Administration.

  2021cited by this paper
• 1220: Relationship Between Inadequate Oxygen Delivery Index and Sepsis Outcomes in Critically Ill Children

  2020cited by this paper
• A self-sustainable wearable multi-modular E-textile bioenergy microgrid system

  2020cited by this paper
• Stretchable and Flexible Buckypaper‐Based Lactate Biofuel Cell for Wearable Electronics

  2019cited by this paper
• Encoded Microneedle Arrays for Detection of Skin Interstitial Fluid Biomarkers

  2019cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of sampling interstitial fluid from skin using a microneedle patch

  2018cited by this paper
• Skin-like biosensor system via electrochemical channels for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring

  2017cited by this paper
• Discrepancies Between Blood Glucose and Interstitial Glucose—Technological Artifacts or Physiology: Implications for Selection of the Appropriate Therapeutic Target

  2017cited by this paper
• Noiseless Performance of Prussian Blue Based (Bio)sensors through Power Generation.

  2017cited by this paper
• Morphological and swelling behavior of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels: Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as porogen

  2016cited by this paper
• Lactic Acidosis in Sepsis: It's Not All Anaerobic: Implications for Diagnosis and Management.

  2016influential reference
• Tattoo-based noninvasive glucose monitoring: a proof-of-concept study.

  2015cited by this paper
• Cutaneous fluid leakage after epidural catheter removal

  2015influential reference
• Evaluation of the effect of polymeric microneedle arrays of varying geometries in combination with a high-velocity applicator on skin permeability and irritation

  2014cited by this paper
• Lactate clearance as a predictor of mortality in trauma patients

  2013cited by this paper
• Molecular nanomedicine towards cancer: ¹¹¹In-labeled nanoparticles.

  2012cited by this paper
• Towards blood free measurement of glucose and potassium in humans using reverse iontophoresis

  2012cited by this paper
• Microporous cell‐laden hydrogels for engineered tissue constructs

  2010cited by this paper
• Serum lactate is associated with mortality in severe sepsis independent of organ failure and shock*

  2009cited by this paper
• Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis

  2008cited by this paper
• The effect of pulsed bipolar dc on the simultaneous extraction of glucose and lactate by reverse iontophoresis

  2008cited by this paper
• Reverse iontophoresis: a non-invasive technique for measuring blood lactate level

  2008cited by this paper
• Reverse iontophoresis of L-lactate: in vitro and in vivo studies.

  2007cited by this paper
• Reverse iontophoresis for non-invasive transdermal monitoring.

  2004influential reference
• Opportunities at the skin interface for continuous patient monitoring: a development model based on lactate and glucose

  2002cited by this paper
• The GlucoWatch® biographer: a frequent, automatic and noninvasive glucose monitor

  2000cited by this paper
• Microdialysis methodology for the measurement of dermal interstitial fluid in humans

  1996influential reference

• Revolutionizing healthcare: the next generation of wearable chemical sensors for personal health monitoring

  2026cites this paper
• Development of MWCNTs/MXene/PVA Hydrogel Electrochemical Sensor for Multiplex Detection of Wound Infection Biomarkers.

  2026cites this paper
• Wearable biosensors for disease diagnostics and health monitoring: recent progress and emerging technologies.

  2026cites this paper
• Recent Advancement in Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Lactate Based on Metal Nanomaterials: A Review

  2025cites this paper
• Biofluid-based biosensors: Analyzing biomarkers for disease detection.

  2025cites this paper
• Autonomous wearable sensing enabled by capillary microfluidics: a review.

  2025cites this paper
• Hydrogel-coated microneedle biosensor for selective and low-potential glucose detection in skin-mimicking interstitial fluid phantoms.

  2025cites this paper
• Crafting the Biomimetic Hydrogel for Wearable Biosensors.

  2025cites this paper
• Continuous glucose monitoring: Minimally and non-invasive technologies.

  2025cites this paper
• Lactate in skin homeostasis: metabolism, skin barrier, and immunomodulation

  2025cites this paper
• Recent advances in wearable electrochemical sensors for in situ detection of biochemical markers

  2025cites this paper
• Self-powered wearable electrochemical sensor based on composite conductive hydrogel medium for detection of lactate in human sweat.

  2025cites this paper
• Advancing Sports Cardiology: Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Wearable Devices for Cardiovascular Health Management.

  2025cites this paper
• A Touch Enabled Hemodynamic and Metabolic Monitor

  2025cites this paper
• Integrated assembly of flexible microneedle array patch for real-time multi-ion monitoring

  2025influential citation
• Hydrogel-based electrochemical microneedles biosensor for sensitive monitoring of lactic acid in interstitial fluid.

  2025cites this paper
• Body Biofluids for Minimally‐Invasive Diagnostics: Insights, Challenges, Emerging Technologies, and Clinical Potential

  2025cites this paper
• Synergistic Strategies of Biomolecular Transport Technologies in Transdermal Healthcare Systems

  2024cites this paper
• Lactate Monitoring in Intensive Care: A Comprehensive Review of Its Utility and Interpretation

  2024cites this paper
• Wearable Devices for Biofluid Monitoring in a Body: from Lab to Commercialization

  2024cites this paper
• Reverse iontophoresis sensing electrode for joint detection of pH, NH4+, and lactic acid

  2024cites this paper
• Wearable Sweat-Sensing Patches for Non-Invasive and Continuous Health Tracking

  2024cites this paper
• Emerging Combination of Hydrogel and Electrochemical Biosensors.

  2024cites this paper
• Lateral Flow-Based Skin Patch for Rapid Detection of Protein Biomarkers in Human Dermal Interstitial Fluid

  2024cites this paper
• Harvesting and manipulating sweat and interstitial fluid in microfluidic devices.

  2024cites this paper
• Wearing the Lab: Advances and Challenges in Skin-Interfaced Systems for Continuous Biochemical Sensing.

  2024cites this paper
• Core-Shell Nanocables Decorated with Carbon Spherical Shells and Silver Nanoparticles for Sensing Ethinylestradiol Hormone in Water Sources and Pills.

  2024cites this paper
• Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics.

  2024cites this paper
• Challenges and Advances of Hydrogel-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Biofluids: From Lab to Market. A Review.

  2024cites this paper
• Label‐Free Metal‐Oxide Transistor Biosensors for Metabolite Detection in Human Saliva

  2024cites this paper
• Interstitial fluid-based wearable biosensors for minimally invasive healthcare and biomedical applications

  2024cites this paper
• Continuous and Non-Invasive Lactate Monitoring Techniques in Critical Care Patients

  2024cites this paper
• Advancing abiotic stress monitoring in plants with a wearable non-destructive real-time salicylic acid laser-induced-graphene sensor.

  2024cites this paper
• L-Lactate Electrochemical Biosensor Based on an Integrated Supramolecular Architecture of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Avidin and a Recombinant Biotinylated Lactate Oxidase

  2024cites this paper
• From lab to wearables: Innovations in multifunctional hydrogel chemistry for next-generation bioelectronic devices.

  2024cites this paper
• Recent advances in wearable electrochemical biosensors towards technological and material aspects

  2024cites this paper
• Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Incorporated into MOF-Derived NiCo Layered Double Hydroxides for Nonenzymatic Lactate Detection in Noninvasive Biosensors

  2024cites this paper
• Wearable biosensors in cardiovascular disease.

  2024cites this paper
• Synergistic convergence of materials and enzymes for biosensing and self-sustaining energy devices towards on-body health monitoring

  2024cites this paper
• Near-infrared-responsive photoelectrochemical biosensors

  2024cites this paper
• Wearable Electrochemical Glucose Sensors in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review.

  2023cites this paper
• Advances in Non-Electrochemical Sensing of Human Sweat Biomarkers: From Sweat Sampling to Signal Reading

  2023cites this paper
• The Emergence of AI-Based Wearable Sensors for Digital Health Technology: A Review

  2023cites this paper
• Wearable Sensor Patch with Hydrogel Microneedles for In Situ Analysis of Interstitial Fluid.

  2023influential citation
• Integrated Skin Microperfusion System for Lactate Concentration Monitoring

  2023cites this paper
• Recent Advances in Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors: Opportunities for Equitable Personalized Medicine and Global Health Diagnostics.

  2023cites this paper
• Bioengineered Lactate Oxidase Mutants for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance at Acidic pH

  2023cites this paper
• Wearable Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring: A Review of Current Developments and Future Prospects

  2023cites this paper
• Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion Detection

  2023cites this paper
• Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for the Continuous Monitoring of Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Interstitial Fluid

  2023cites this paper
• Reverse iontophoresis with the development of flexible electronics: A review.

  2022cites this paper