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Environmental Sensing in High-Altitude Mountain Ecosystems Powered by Sedimentary Microbial Fuel Cells

Celso Recalde,Denys López,Diana Aguay,V. J. García

Published 2023 in Italian National Conference on Sensors

ABSTRACT

The increasing need for fresh water in a climate change scenario requires remote monitoring of water bodies in high-altitude mountain areas. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of SMFC operation in the presence of low dissolved oxygen concentrations for remote, on-site monitoring of physical environmental parameters in high-altitude mountainous areas. The implemented power management system (PMS) uses a reference SMFC (SMFCRef) to implement a quasi-maximum power point tracking (quasi-MPPT) algorithm to harvest energy stably. As a result, while transmitting in a point-to-point wireless sensor network topology, the system achieves an overall efficiency of 59.6%. Furthermore, the control mechanisms prevent energy waste and maintain a stable voltage despite the microbial fuel cell (MFC)’s high impedance, low time response, and low energy production. Moreover, our system enables a fundamental understanding of environmental systems and their resilience of adaptation strategies by being a low-cost, ecological, and environmentally friendly alternative to power-distributed and dynamic environmental sensing networks in high-altitude mountain ecosystems with anoxic environmental conditions.

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