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Tunable pheromone interactions among microswimmers

Bokusui Nakayama,Hikaru Nagase,H. Takahashi,Y. Saito,S. Hatayama,Kotaro Makino,Eiji Yamamoto,T. Saiki

Published 2023 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

ABSTRACT

Significance Besides direct interactions, many creatures utilize indirect communication via pheromone-like shared memory fields, and exhibit a rich array of behavior. Field memory usually remains for a long time, affecting many individuals, or evaporates quickly, and thus updates itself over time. Therefore, controlling and quantifying momentary contributions to global behavior in the complex natural environment is challenging. Our pheromone-based autonomous agent system contains self-propelled microswimmers and a phase-change material that physically mimics the elemental process of memory-induced collective behavior. The system allows us to study not only the dynamics under continuous tuning of pheromone interaction but also the different states of collective motion. This can provide insights into how a spatiotemporally varying field affects the activity of living things.

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