ABSTRACT

Significance We used a unique long-term dataset on breeding bird counts covering an entire continent to quantify the influence of ecological barriers on climate change–driven bird community shifts. We show that ecological barriers exert a significant effect on the distance and direction of bird community composition shifts at the continental scale, with coastlines and elevation having the strongest influence. The results underscore the relevance of combining ecological barriers and community shift projections for identifying the forces hindering community adjustments under global change. The implications of this study are of direct relevance to scientists, decision-makers, and conservation practitioners.

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