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Pluripotency state transition of embryonic stem cells requires the turnover of histone chaperone FACT on chromatin

Hang Zhao,Di Li,X. Xiao,Cuifang Liu,Guifang Chen,Xiaoyu Su,Zhen Yan,Shijia Gu,Yizhou Wang,Guohong Li,Jianxun Feng,Wei Li,Ping Chen,Jiayi Yang,Qing Li

Published 2023 in iScience

ABSTRACT

Summary The differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) begins with the transition from the naive to the primed state. The formative state was recently established as a critical intermediate between the two states. Here, we demonstrate the role of the histone chaperone FACT in regulating the naive-to-formative transition. We found that the Q265K mutation in the FACT subunit SSRP1 increased the binding of FACT to histone H3-H4, impaired nucleosome disassembly in vitro, and reduced the turnover of FACT on chromatin in vivo. Strikingly, mouse ESCs harboring this mutation showed elevated naive-to-formative transition. Mechanistically, the SSRP1-Q265K mutation enriched FACT at the enhancers of formative-specific genes to increase targeted gene expression. Together, these findings suggest that the turnover of FACT on chromatin is crucial for regulating the enhancers of formative-specific genes, thereby mediating the naive-to-formative transition. This study highlights the significance of FACT in fine-tuning cell fate transition during early development.

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