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Sigmoidal heart rate response pattern during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.

Toshihide Izumida,T. Imamura,Naoya Kataoka,K. Kinugawa

Published 2024 in American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Detailed heart rate (HR) response patterns during exercise in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm remains uncertain. METHODS We screened consecutive heart failure patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise tests at a large academic center from November 2013 to July 2023. HR response during exercise was statistically classified using logistic differential equation models. RESULTS A total of 99 patients were included. Of them, 75 patients were assigned to "sigmoidal pattern" and the other 24 to "exponential pattern". Patients with the sigmoidal pattern were older and exhibited higher plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels. Increases in HR and VO2/kg up to the anaerobic threshold level were not different between both patterns. However, beyond the threshold, the sigmoidal pattern group showed no further increase in HR and significantly lower VO2/kg than their counterparts (interactions for p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS HR response during exercise in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm was categorized into two unique groups: sigmoidal and exponential patterns. More detailed clarification of the sigmoidal pattern, potentially indicating sinus node dysfunction, should offer new clinical insights for chronotropic incompetence.

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