Endocrine Diagnostics: Principles and Applications.

Endocrine diagnostics currently depend on the ability to measure low and high concentrations of diagnostic hormones using immunoassays. This often is challenging in species other than humans, dogs, cats, and horses due to lack of validated assays and reference intervals. There are strategies to approach endocrine testing in zoo, wildlife, and zoologic companion animals but caution is needed in interpreting results. Newer techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) may be more useful for all species, although technical hurdles remain for this method too.

• Publication year

  2024

• Venue

  Veterinary Clinics of North America Exotic Animal Practice

• Publication date

  2024-10-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.cvex.2024.07.002PMID 39414472
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• EVALUATION OF PLASMA CORTISOL AND LACTATE IN KOI (CYPRINUS CARPIO) EUTHANIZED BY IMMERSION IN TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE, CLOVE OIL, OR CARBON DIOXIDE GAS DISSOLVED IN WATER

  2024cited by this paper
• Relationship between serum thyroid hormones and their associated metabolites, and gene expression bioindicators in the back skin of Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana tadpoles and frogs during metamorphosis

  2023cited by this paper
• Assessment of glucocorticoids, sex steroids, and innate immunity in wild red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans).

  2023cited by this paper
• Diagnosis and Long-term Treatment of Suspected Congenital Hypothyroidism in a Pigeon (Columba livia domestica)

  2023cited by this paper
• Noise and light pollution elicit endocrine responses in urban but not forest frogs.

  2023cited by this paper
• Long term stability of corticosterone in feathers.

  2023cited by this paper
• Circadian regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis during the oviposition cycle in laying hens

  2023cited by this paper
• Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in female rabbits and its relation to spay status, pseudopregnancy and ovarian follicle numbers.

  2022cited by this paper
• Development and validation of a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (LC-MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of estrone-3-sulfate, progesterone, estrone and estradiol in serum of mares and American bisons.

  2021cited by this paper
• Using dermal glucocorticoids to determine the effects of disease and environment on the critically endangered Wyoming toad

  2021cited by this paper
• OUP accepted manuscript

  2021cited by this paper
• BIOMARKERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE IN CHEETAHS (ACINONYX JUBATUS)

  2021cited by this paper
• Comparison of Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Green-winged Macaws (Ara chloropterus) Using Radio and Chemiluminescent Immunoassays

  2021cited by this paper
• PRESUMPTIVE CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN RED PANDAS (AILURUS FULGENS FULGENS) FROM FOUR SUCCESSIVE LITTERS

  2021cited by this paper
• VALIDATION OF CHEMILUMINESCENT ASSAY FOR CANINE THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE IN RED PANDAS (AILURUS FULGENS FULGENS)

  2021cited by this paper
• Ovarian cyclicity and prolactin status of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in North American zoos may be influenced by life experience and individual temperament.

  2020cited by this paper
• The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentration in assessing vitamin D deficiency in pet rabbits

  2020cited by this paper
• Treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

  2020cited by this paper
• SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF 106 LABORATORY REFERENCE DATA ARTICLES FROM NONDOMESTIC SPECIES PUBLISHED FROM 2014 TO 2016: ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH REFERENCE INTERVAL GUIDELINES

  2020cited by this paper
• Presumptive nonthyroidal illness syndrome in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

  2019cited by this paper
• CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN A BORNEAN ORANGUTAN (PONGO PYGMAEUS) AND A SUMATRAN ORANGUTAN (PONGO ABELII).

  2019cited by this paper
• Current strategies for quantification of estrogens in clinical research

  2019cited by this paper
• Obtaining plasma to measure baseline corticosterone concentrations in reptiles: How quick is quick enough?

  2019cited by this paper
• Validation of a radioimmunoassay of serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity in ferrets

  2018cited by this paper
• Variability of serum aldosterone concentrations in pet ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).

  2018cited by this paper
• Association of Hypercalcemia Before Treatment With Hypocalcemia After Treatment in Dogs With Primary Hyperparathyroidism

  2017cited by this paper
• Ovarian control and monitoring in amphibians.

  2017cited by this paper
• Ovarian acyclicity in zoo African elephants (Loxodonta africana) is associated with high body condition scores and elevated serum insulin and leptin.

  2016cited by this paper
• Blood Biochemical Values of Wild Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao macao) Nestlings and Adults

  2016cited by this paper
• Hypervitaminosis D and Metastatic Calcification in a Colony of Inbred Strain 13 Guinea Pigs, Cavia porcellus

  2015cited by this paper
• CIRCULATING CONCENTRATIONS OF THYROID HORMONE IN BELUGA WHALES (DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS): INFLUENCE OF AGE, SEX, AND SEASON

  2015cited by this paper
• Characterization of Ovarian Steroid Patterns in Female African Lions (Panthera leo), and the Effects of Contraception on Reproductive Function

  2015cited by this paper
• Manipulating glucocorticoids in wild animals: basic and applied perspectives

  2015cited by this paper
• Thyroid hormone concentrations in relation to age, sex, pregnancy, and perinatal loss in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

  2014cited by this paper
• Suspected primary hypoparathyroidism in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

  2014cited by this paper
• Hair as a long-term retrospective cortisol calendar in orang-utans (Pongo spp.): new perspectives for stress monitoring in captive management and conservation.

  2014cited by this paper
• Hypervitaminosis D in guinea pigs with α-mannosidosis.

  2013cited by this paper
• Endocrine changes in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups undergoing rehabilitation.

  2013cited by this paper
• Use of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone for thyrotropin stimulation testing in euthyroid ferrets.

  2013cited by this paper
• Blood vitamin D(3) metabolite concentrations of adult female bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) remain stable after ceasing UVb exposure.

  2013cited by this paper
• Reference ranges for laboratory parameters in ferrets

  2012cited by this paper
• Development of a Bioassay System for Human Growth Hormone Determination with Close Correlation to Immunoassay

  2012cited by this paper
• Corticosterone and thyroxine in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii).

  2012cited by this paper
• ASVCP reference interval guidelines: determination of de novo reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics.

  2012cited by this paper
• Evaluation of Precision and Establishment of Reference Ranges for Plasma Thyroxine using a Point-of-Care Analyzer in Healthy Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

  2012cited by this paper
• Evaluation of hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker of long‐term stress in free‐ranging polar bears

  2012cited by this paper
• Validation of a cortisol enzyme immunoassay and characterization of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

  2011cited by this paper
• Preliminary validation of assays to measure parameters of calcium metabolism in captive Asian and African elephants in western Europe

  2011cited by this paper
• Parathyroid hormone-related peptide directly increases adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary in hens.

  2011cited by this paper
• Canine hypothyroidism: A review of aetiology and diagnosis

  2011cited by this paper
• Endocrine Monitoring of Reproduction and Stress

  2010cited by this paper
• Evaluation of the amphibian metamorphosis assay: Exposure to the goitrogen methimazole and the endogenous thyroid hormone L‐thyroxine

  2010cited by this paper
• Evaluation of adrenocortical function in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris).

  2010cited by this paper
• DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THYROID ADENOMA-INDUCED HYPERTHYROIDISM IN A GREEN IGUANA (IGUANA IGUANA)

  2009cited by this paper
• The fundamental flaws of immunoassays and potential solutions using tandem mass spectrometry.

  2009cited by this paper
• Tracking stress: localisation, deposition and stability of corticosterone in feathers

  2009cited by this paper
• Comparison of total calcium, ionised calcium and albumin concentrations in the plasma of captive tortoises (Testudo species)

  2009cited by this paper
• Reference intervals.

  2008cited by this paper
• Calcium homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism and expression in strongly calcifying laying birds.

  2008cited by this paper
• The reptilian thyroid and parathyroid glands.

  2008cited by this paper
• The many uses of non‐invasive faecal steroid monitoring in zoo and wildlife species

  2007cited by this paper
• The evaluation of diagnostic tests: evidence on technical and diagnostic accuracy, impact on patient outcome and cost-effectiveness is needed.

  2007cited by this paper
• Etiopathologic findings of canine hypothyroidism.

  2007cited by this paper
• Non-invasive measurement of the physiological stress response of wild rabbits to the odour of a predator

  2006cited by this paper
• Effects of ultraviolet radiation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 synthesis in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans).

  2006cited by this paper
• SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF IONIZED CALCIUM, VITAMIN D3, AND PARATHYROID HORMONE IN CAPTIVE THICK-BILLED PARROTS (RHYNCHOPSITTA PACHYRHYNCHA)

  2004cited by this paper
• International Species Information System (ISIS): over 25 years of compiling global animal data to facilitate collection and population management

  2003cited by this paper
• Implantation and the survival of early pregnancy.

  2001cited by this paper
• Insulin-like growth factors and body growth in chickens divergently selected for high or low growth rate.

  2001cited by this paper
• Seasonal changes in plasma glucocorticosteroids of free-living female yellow-pine chipmunks: effects of reproduction and capture and handling.

  2000cited by this paper
• Effect of heat stress and drinking water salt supplements on plasma electrolytes and aldosterone concentration in broiler chickens

  1995cited by this paper
• Evaluation of plasma cortisol and corticosterone responses to synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone administration in ferrets.

  1993cited by this paper
• Thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone-stimulated TSH release and TSH concentration in the guinea pig pituitary, as determined by a heterologous radioimmunoassay.

  1989cited by this paper
• Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine radioimmunoassay values in the normal ferret.

  1988cited by this paper
• The effects of neurohypophysial hormones on water and sodium balance in larval and adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana).

  1966cited by this paper
• Plasma Insulin Concentrations in Nondiabetic and Early Diabetic Subjects: Determinations by a New Sensitive Immuno-assay Technic

  1960cited by this paper
• A Simple, Rapid Procedure for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Early Pregnancies

  1931cited by this paper

• Advances in our understanding of the estrous cycle and applications for improving targeted reproductive management in livestock.

  2025cites this paper
• Reverse triiodothyronine concentrations in hyperthyroid, healthy, and azotemic cats determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

  2025cites this paper
• C‐Cell Carcinoma in a Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) With a Brief Review of Thyroid Neoplasms in Neotropical Primates

  2025cites this paper