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Exploration of synergistically engineered invasomes of fluconazole incorporated with safranal against onychomycosis for enhanced transungual delivery

S. Adin,I. Gupta,M. Aqil,Mohd Mujeeb

Published 2024 in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The preparation of safranal-containing invasomes for fluconazole (FLU-IN) is investigated in the current research work to augment FLU permeation, bioavailability, and solubility via nail for transungual delivery. Methods FLU-IN was prepared utilizing the ‘thin-film hydration process’, and for optimization, ‘Box-Behnken design (BBD)’ was employed. Entrapment efficiency (EE), Poly-dispersity index (PDI), in vitro FLU release, vesicle size and zeta potential were used to characterize FLU-INopt. Confocal microscopy (CLSM), nail permeation investigation, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also carried out for further examination. Results The FLU-INopt demonstrated tiny, spherical, sealed-shape vesicles with a vesicle size of 140.3 nm, PDI of 0.1604, in vitro release of 84.32%, and entrapment efficiency of 74.65%. According to the CLSM investigation, the prepared formulation exhibits better FLU penetration over the nail than FLU suspension gel. Compared to the standard fluconazole marketed gel, the anti-fungal investigation showed that the FLU-IN gel has good anti-fungal potential against Trichophyton rubrum, Nakaseomyces glabrata and Candida albicans. Additional research on Wistar albino rats’ skin irritancy supports the new FLU-IN formulation’s safety for topical treatment. Conclusion The present study supported the claim that the developed invasomal formulation is a desirable vesicular carrier for FLU transungual delivery for the management of onychomycosis. Graphical Abstract

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