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A mobile air-liquid interface exposure system optimized for outdoor toxicity testing of aerosols

A. Juárez-Facio,M. Introna,S. Gustavsson,Max Attergren,Martin Lindwall,Ulf Olofsson,S. Steimer,Karine Elihn

Published 2024 in Aerosol Science and Technology

ABSTRACT

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) represents a growing concern in public health. Air Liquid Interface (ALI) exposure systems are used to assess the toxicity of airborne pollutants and their impact on human health. However, there have been only a few studies using ALI systems in outdoor environments. To address this need, we have developed a mobile ALI system called the ELectrostatic Air-Liquid Interface Exposure (ELLIE) system. This system is designed to deposit particles, especially nanoparticles, and its design has been optimized to enable field studies. Different particle size fractions can be targeted by using different particle size selectors. We have optimized several parameters, such as aerosol flow, temperature, humidity, and incubation time, to ensure the best cell survival: while 100 mL/min doesn’t impact cell viability no matter the relative humidity of the aerosol (within the tested range), cell viability can even be maintained even at flows of 214 mL/min when the aerosol is humidified to at least 85% relative humidity. The ELLIE system controls temperature and humidity to standard culture conditions (37 °C, 85–90% RH). Moreover, it enables an estimation of the deposited dose on the cell layer measuring the particle size distribution before and after deposition on the cell layer. With this method, the dose of deposited copper nanoparticles was estimated to 1.5 µg/cm2 in this study. Graphical Abstract

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