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Geolocation with Large LEO Constellations: Insights from Fisher Information

Don-Roberts Emenonye,Harpreet S. Dhillon,R. M. Buehrer

Published 2025 in Unknown venue

ABSTRACT

Interest in the use of the low earth orbit (LEO) in space - from $160 \text{ km}$ to $2000 \text{ km}$ - has skyrocketed; this is evident by the fact that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has partnered with various commercial platforms like Axiom Space, Blue Origin, SpaceX, Sierra Space, Starlab Space, ThinkOrbital, and Vast Space to deploy satellites. %and platforms like Northrop Grumman and Boeing to transport cargo and crew. The most apparent advantage of satellites in LEO over satellites in Geostationary (GEO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) is their closeness to the earth; hence, signals from LEOs encounter lower propagation losses and reduced propagation delay, opening up the possibility of using these LEO satellites for localization. This article reviews the existing signal processing algorithms for localization using LEO satellites, introduces the basics of estimation theory, connects estimation theory to model identifiability with Fisher Information Matrix (FIM), and with the FIM, provides conditions that allow for $9$D localization of a terrestrial receiver using signals from multiple LEOs (unsynchronized in time and frequency) across multiple time slots and multiple receive antennas. We also compare the structure of the information available in LEO satellites with the structure of the information available in the Global Positioning System (GPS).

PUBLICATION RECORD

  • Publication year

    2025

  • Venue

    Unknown venue

  • Publication date

    2025-02-10

  • Fields of study

    Engineering

  • Identifiers
    arXiv 2502.06083
  • External record

    Open on Semantic Scholar

  • Source metadata

    Semantic Scholar

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