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Perception and adaptation strategies of beekeepers towards climate change, northwest Iran

Z. Nemati,S. Ghanbari

Published 2025 in International Journal of Environmental Studies

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Understanding farmers’ perceptions of climate change and their adaptation strategies is crucial for formulating effective policies to safeguard agricultural and food security. Honey bees and honey production can be affected by climate change. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of climate change on beekeeping activities and adaptation strategies and beekeepers’ perceptions of climate change through semi-structured interviews with 200 beekeepers from June 2023 to April 2024 in East Azerbaijan, northwest Iran. Results showed that all beekeepers had been active on average for 17 years. Most beekeepers (42.7%) stated that their honey collection had decreased, and 19.6% observed an increase in their production. According to the beekeepers, the main factors affecting the trend of honey collection were drought (40.2%), erratic rainfall (29.2%), and irregular flowering with insufficient nectar (21.4%). Among the strategies suggested by beekeepers to cope with climate change, altering hive types (3.3 ± 0.9) and expanding the number of hives (3.2 ± 0.8) were deemed crucial. The increase in pathogens and pests (3.4 ± 0.8) was identified as a significant challenge in addressing climate change. Inadequate access to beekeeping equipment and ineffective methods were considered to be less pressing issues.

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